The introduction of all-optical switching technology in optical networks can eliminate the need for photoelectric-optical conversion and electrical signal processing, making the network transparent and greatly reducing the complexity and cost of nodes. Multi-granularity switching nodes reduce the scale and complexity of the switching matrix, and are a development direction for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) network nodes. With the introduction of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology, bandwidth-variable node technology has received more and more attention. This article introduces the traditional wavelength-based optical cross-connect (OXC) switching structure, multi-granularity switching structure, and node switching structure based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing/single carrier frequency division multiplexing (OFDM/SCFDM), and verifies the bandwidth-variable reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer (ROADM) and OXC node technology through experiments. In the sub-band-based switching structure proposed in the experiment, the node capacity reaches the P-bit level.
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