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As a senior electronic engineer, if you want to get started learning microcontrollers, here is a detailed learning path and some specific suggestions:

1. Theoretical basis

Digital Circuits and Microprocessor Basics

• Fundamentals of digital circuits: Master logic gates, flip-flops, counters and sequential logic circuits.
• Microprocessor Principles: Understand CPU architecture, instruction set, memory, and bus system.

Programming Basics

• C language programming: C language is the basis of most microcontroller programming, and you need to master basic syntax, pointers, and memory management.

2. Choose the right MCU platform

Arduino

• Advantages: Easy to get started, rich open source resources and community support.
• Recommended model: Arduino Uno.
• Learning resources: Arduino official website , numerous tutorials and project examples.

STM32

• Advantages: Powerful, based on ARM Cortex-M core, suitable for in-depth learning.
• Recommended model: STM32F103C8T6 (commonly known as the "blue board").
• Learning resources: STMicroelectronics official website , STM32CubeIDE .

PIC

• Advantages: good stability, suitable for industrial applications.
• Recommended model: PIC16F877A.
• Learning resources: Microchip official website , MPLAB X IDE .

ESP Series

• Pros: Built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, suitable for IoT applications.
• Recommended models: ESP8266, ESP32.
• Learning resources: Espressif official website ,
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3. Learning tools and development environment

Hardware Tools

• Development board: Purchase the corresponding development board based on the selected MCU platform.
• Debugging tools: such as JTAG/SWD debugger, ST-Link (for STM32), Pickit (for PIC).
• Breadboard and connecting wires: convenient for circuit connection and experimentation.

software tools

• Compiler and IDE: Select the corresponding development environment according to the microcontroller platform, such as Arduino IDE, STM32CubeIDE, MPLAB X IDE, PlatformIO, etc.
• Simulation tools: Proteus, Multisim, etc., can simulate circuits and program operations on computers.

4. Practical Projects

Basic Project

• LED Blinking: Learn to control GPIO and implement simple LED blinking.
• Key input: Learn to process key input and implement basic interactive functions.
• PWM Control: Learn to generate PWM signals to control LED brightness or motor speed.

Advanced Projects

• Sensor interface: Use I2C, SPI and other buses to communicate with sensors to achieve data collection.
• Display Control: Learn to drive an LCD or OLED display to display sensor data or information.
• Wireless communication: Learn to use Wi-Fi and Bluetooth to achieve wireless data transmission and remote control.

5. References and Learning Resources

• books:

  • "The C Programming Language" by Brian W. Kernighan and Dennis M. Ritchie
  • "Programming Arduino: Getting Started with Sketches" by Simon Monk
  • 《Mastering STM32》 by Carmine Noviello

• Online Tutorials and Videos:

  • YouTube : Search for "Arduino tutorials", "STM32 tutorials", etc.
  • Instructables : Various DIY projects and tutorials.
  • Hackster.io : Maker projects and tutorials.

• Community and Forums:

  • Arduino Forum
  • STM32 Community
  • Microchip Forum

Through the above learning path, you can systematically master the basic knowledge and skills of MCU programming and application development, and then apply this knowledge in actual projects. Continuous practice and project-driven learning methods will help you better understand and master MCU technology.

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