FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) is a special semiconductor device. After it is manufactured, its circuit structure can still be modified arbitrarily to meet the needs of different applications. Compared with other types of chips, FPGA has extremely strong flexibility and achieves an excellent balance in performance, power consumption and development cost. Therefore, FPGA is widely used in many fields such as telecommunications, industrial control, and high-performance computing. This book sorts out and analyzes in detail the new technologies and new development methods of FPGA in the era of big data and artificial intelligence, as well as the new trends and new directions of FPGA in the era of heterogeneous computing, and focuses on the main technical characteristics of FPGA. This book is committed to providing industry decision-makers with advanced concepts and valuable practical models of FPGA, promoting the deep integration and improvement of emerging technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence with various industries. At the same time, it also provides FPGA practitioners with systematic solutions and valuable references when dealing with practical engineering and technical problems. In addition, this book is also of great reference value for non-professionals or technology enthusiasts in academia, business and society to understand the advanced concepts and knowledge of FPGA. Chapter 1 Continuing Moore\'s Law - FPGA Architecture Innovation1.1 What is FPGA 1.2 From nothing to something, from small to large, from large to strong - Three stages of FPGA development1.2.1 Invention stage: Historical inevitability1.2.2 Expansion stage: The rise of design automation1.2.3 Accumulation stage: The formation of complex on-chip systems1.3 Beyond the limitations of dimensions - 3D FPGA 1.3.1 Xilinx Stacked Silicon Interconnect (SSI) Technology1.3.2 The main disadvantages of SSI technology1.3.3 Summary of SSI technology1.3.4 Intel EMIB Technology1.3.5 Potential problems of heterogeneous FPGAs based on EMIB technology1.3.6 Summary of EMIB technology1.4 Breaking the boundaries of integration - From FPGA to ACAP 1.4.1 Overview of ACAP1.4.2 Chip architecture: Change in tradition1.4.3 CLB microstructure: Earth-shaking1.4.4 The fourth generation of SSI technology: Further optimization of 3D FPGA1.4.5 On-chip network: A new weapon for high-bandwidth data transmission1.5 Coexistence of flexibility and agility - Intel Agilex FPGA 1.5.1 Can Intel\'s 10nm process catch up?1.5.2 New chip layout and microarchitecture optimization1.5.3 CXL: The ultimate solution for CPU and FPGA interconnection1.5.4 Variable precision DSP: Full support for AI applications1.5.5 Enhanced HyperFlex architecture1.5.6 oneAPI: Intel\'s ambition1.6 Summary of this chapterChapter 2 Embracing the big data torrent - FPGA in the cloud2.1 A pioneer - Microsoft Catapult project2.1.1 Background of the Catapult project2.1.2 Considerations for deploying hardware acceleration units in data centers2.1.3 Comparison of several types of hardware acceleration modules2.1.4 Three stages of the Catapult project2.1.5 Summary of Microsoft Catapult project2.2 FPGA as a service 2.2.1 Amazon AWS-F1 instance: The first attempt at FPGA cloud service2.2.2 AWS Technical Overview of FPGA Cloud Services2.2.3 FPGA Acceleration Services of Other Public Cloud Providers2.3 Next-Generation Telecom Networks: SDN, NFV and FPGA2.3.1 The Significance of Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Software Defined Network (SDN)2.3.2 Using FPGA to Accelerate the Implementation of Virtual Network Functions2.4 System-Level Solution: FPGA Accelerator Card2.4.1 Transformation of FPGA Application Solutions2.4.2 Intel\'s FPGA Accelerator Card Layout2.4.3 Xilinx\'s FPGA Accelerator Card Layout2.4.4 Third-Party FPGA Accelerator Cards2.5 Between Virtual and Reality - FPGA Virtualization2.5.1 Why FPGA Virtualization Is Needed2.5.2 The Main Goals of FPGA Virtualization2.5.3 Hierarchical Division of FPGA Virtualization2.5.4 Common FPGA Virtualization Implementation Methods2.5.5 Future Research Directions of FPGA Virtualization2.6 Summary of This ChapterChapter 3 Unique Advantages of FPGA in the Era of Artificial Intelligence3.1 Real-Time AI Processing: Microsoft Brainwave Project3.1.1 The main advantages of FPGA resource pooling3.1.2 Brainwave Project system architecture3.1.3 Performance analysis of Brainwave Project3.2 AI acceleration engine: FPGA and approximate algorithms for deep neural networks3.2.1 Using low-precision fixed-point numbers instead of floating-point numbers3.2.2 Network pruning3.2.3 Deep compression3.3 The next Big Thing: FPGA companies’ layout in the AI era3.3.1 Xilinx3.3.2 Intel3.3.3 Achronix3.4 Where to go: The future development direction of FPGA in the AI era3.5 Summary of this chapterChapter 4 Simpler and more complex - a new method for FPGA development4.1 Even more difficult: The pain points of modern FPGA development4.2 Let software engineers develop FPGAs - high-level synthesis4.2.1 The past and present of FPGA high-level synthesis4.2.2 The main working principle of high-level synthesis: Taking AutoPilot as an example4.2.3 Common optimization methods used in high-level synthesis tools4.2.4 The development prospects of high-level synthesis4.3 Commercial-grade open source development tools: Xilinx Vitis 4.4 Not a single transistor can be lost: Intel oneAPI 4.5 Summary of this chapter Chapter 5 Standing on the shoulders of giants - new trends in FPGA development 5.1 Let a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contend: Overview of FPGA academic research 5.1.1 University of Toronto 5.1.2 University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) 5.1.3 Imperial College London 5.1.4 Tsinghua University 5.1.5 Major academic conferences in the field of FPGA 5.2 25 influential research results in FPGA in 20 years 5.2.1 FPGA system architecture 5.2.2 FPGA micro-architecture 5.2.3 FPGA layout and routing algorithms 5.2.4 Other EDA/CAD algorithms 5.2.5 FPGA applications 5.3 This is a good era - the future development direction of FPGA 5.4 Summary of this chapter
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