Analysis of PDM technology and its application in automobile manufacturing industry 1

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Analysis of PDM technology and its application in automobile manufacturing industry 1 [Copy link]

1　引言
企业如何管理大量电子化数据并从中迅速查找、访问到所需的信息,是企业要解决的一个重要问题。产品数据管理(ProductDataManagement,PDM)的出现为此提供了一种可靠的途径。国外PDM技术的推广应用明显提高了制造业产品的竞争力,获得了十分显著的经济效益。近年来我国企业实施PDM的效果并不理想,对PDM理念的认识及其应用仍存在一些误区。
2　PDM的基本概念
PDM技术最早出现在20世纪80年代。其初衷是为了解决大量工程图样文档的管理问题,然后逐渐扩展到产品开发过程的三个领域:1)设计图样和电子文档的管理;2)自动化工程更改单的管理;3)材料清单(BOM)的管理。到目前为止,对PDM尚无一个完整确切的定义。D1Burdick在《CIM策略分析报告》中把PDM定义为:“PDM是为企业设计和生产构筑一个并行产品艺术环境(由供应、工程设计、制造、采购、销售与市场、客户构成)的关键技术。一个成熟的PDM系统能够使所有参与创建、交流、维护设计意图的人在整个信息生命周期中自由共享和传递与产品相关的所有动态数据”。
PDM是以软件技术为基础,以产品为核心,实现对产品相关的数据、过程、资源一体化集成管理的技术。PDM明确定位为面向制造企业,以产品为管理的核心,以数据、过程和资源为管理信息的三大要素。
PDM进行信息管理的两条主线是静态的产品结构和动态的产品设计流程,所有的信息组织和资源管理都是围绕产品设计展开的,这也是PDM系统有别于其他的信息管理系统,如管理信息系统(MIS)、物料管理系统(MRP)、项目管理系统(ProjectManagement)的关键所在。PDM系统中数据、过程、资源和产品之间的关系如图1所示。

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3 Architecture of PDM System
PDM system is a management software system, which is oriented to the whole life cycle of products and takes products as the core. It unifies the product data, design activities, personnel organization and related design environment in the process of product design and development.
The PDM prototype system is supported by distributed data processing technology in a network environment, adopts client/server architecture and object-oriented design method, provides underlying services and support for the development of network and data operation interface modules, and provides product data organization and management functions and user front-end software tool sets to achieve information management of the whole life cycle of products, coordinate and control work processes and project progress, and establish a parallel product development collaboration environment within the enterprise. The architecture of the PDM system is shown in Figure 2.

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The PDM architecture is divided into four layers:
The first layer is the user interface layer: it provides users with an interactive graphical interface, including graphical browsers, various menus, dialog boxes, etc., to support command operations and information input and output.
The second layer is the core function layer: it involves the core functions of the PDM system software (document management function, product structure management function, parts classification management and retrieval function, workflow management function, user management function and system integration function).
The third layer is the framework core layer: it implements the core structure and architecture of various PDM functions. Since the object management framework of the PDM system has the characteristics of shielding heterogeneous operating systems, networks, and databases, when users apply various functions of the PDM system, they can realize transparent operation of data, transparent call of applications, and transparent management of processes.
The fourth layer is the system support layer: it uses the currently popular relational database system as the support platform for PDM, and supports the management of PDM system objects in the underlying database through the data operation functions provided by the relational database.
4 Functions of PDM
At present, various commercial PDM software products are similar, and generally have the following main functions (as shown in Figure 3). The PDM architecture is divided into four layers:
The first layer is the user interface layer: it provides users with an interactive graphical interface, including graphical browsers, various menus, dialog boxes, etc., to support command operations and information input and output.
The second layer is the core function layer: it involves the core functions of the PDM system software (document management function, product structure management function, parts classification management and retrieval function, workflow management function, user management function and system integration function).
The third layer is the framework core layer: it implements the core structure and architecture of various PDM functions. Since the object management framework of the PDM system has the characteristics of shielding heterogeneous operating systems, networks, and databases, when users apply various functions of the PDM system, they can realize transparent operation of data, transparent call of applications, and transparent management of processes.
The fourth layer is the system support layer: it uses the currently popular relational database system as the support platform for PDM, and supports the management of PDM system objects in the underlying database through the data operation functions provided by the relational database.