How are embedded operating systems layered?

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How are embedded operating systems layered? [Copy link]

Embedded systems are application-centric, computer-based systems with tailorable hardware and software to meet the strict requirements of application systems for functions, reliability, cost, volume, power consumption, etc. Embedded operating systems are divided into four layers, namely hardware layer, driver layer, operating system layer and application layer. Below, Yueembed will introduce their respective functions.
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　　1. Hardware layer
　　It is the foundation of the entire embedded system. If you are familiar with single-chip microcomputers and interfaces, and can program in C and assembly language, it is relatively easy to start from the hardware layer of the embedded operating system. The hardware layer is also the basis of the driver layer. An excellent driver engineer must be able to understand the hardware circuit diagram and complete the logical design of CPLD by himself. At the same time, he must be quite familiar with the operating system kernel and its scheduling. However, the hardware platform is the foundation, and the value-added depends on the software. The
　　hardware layer is more suitable for people majoring in electronics, communications, automation, mechatronics, and information engineering. The professional basic knowledge that needs to be mastered includes: single-chip microcomputer principles and interface technology, microcomputer principles and interface technology, and C language.
　　2. Driver layer
　　This part is more difficult. Driver engineers must not only be able to understand circuit diagrams, but also be very proficient in the operating system kernel, so that the driver they write will not monopolize the operating system time slice when the system calls, causing other tasks to be unable to act.
　　The driver layer is more suitable for people with majors in electronics, communications, automation, mechatronics, information engineering, especially computer architecture. In addition to the basic disciplines of the hardware layer, they must also be very proficient in data structures and algorithms, operating system principles, and compilation principles.
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　　3. Operating system layer
　　For the operating system layer, it can only be said to be a simple transplant, and few people have written operating systems, or have written operating systems with missing arms and legs. This part of the work is mostly done by driver engineers. The operating system is responsible for debugging system tasks, managing disks and files, and the real-time performance of embedded systems is very important.
　　4. Application layer
　　If you know how to call programming interface functions under Windows, the only thing that changes in the compilation and development environment under the operating system is the corresponding changes. The same is true if it involves Java programming. The algorithms involved in embedded systems are handled by professionals, and do not need to be attributed to the scope of embedded systems. However, if embedded databases, network programming based on embedded systems, and protocol application development based on certain application layers (such as SIP, H.323, Astrisk) are involved, they are more complicated and difficult.
　　The above are the four layers of embedded operating systems. Understanding this part is very important for learning the entire embedded development.