Design of a family-oriented remote health monitoring medical system

1 Introduction
Telemedicine monitoring refers to a technical means of transmitting remote physiological and medical signals to a monitoring center through a communication network for analysis and diagnosis. It has developed with the development of computer technology and modern communication technology. The development of computer technology and modern communication has brought new opportunities for telemedicine services, allowing people to use computer technology and modern communication to achieve remote transmission and monitoring of medical information between individuals and hospitals, between hospitals, remote consultation, medical emergency, telemedicine education and communication, etc. Among them, home-oriented telemedicine health monitoring is a new telemedicine model that connects thousands of households with medical institutions under the condition of being equipped with advanced and appropriate medical equipment, realizes medical care into the home, and implements monitoring, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and health care in the patient's home. Remote patient monitoring has attracted more and more attention. Its rapid development has a strong social reality background:

(1) With the aggravation of environmental pollution, changes in people's living habits, and increased work pressure, new diseases that threaten human health have emerged. Malignant diseases and chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease and malignant neoplasms have become the number one killer threatening human health.

(2) With the improvement of living standards and medical and health conditions, human life expectancy is increasing and the aging trend is very obvious.

(3) The development of contemporary communication skills, especially the rapid development of mobile communication skills and Internet skills, has provided strong technical support for remote monitoring.

This new telemedicine model is a very important skill and has many advantages. First of all, it greatly facilitates the vast number of patients, especially some special groups, such as: disabled patients with limited mobility and elderly people with chronic diseases, pregnant women and children who need regular examinations, chronic patients who need to go to the hospital for long-term review of their conditions (such as diabetes, heart disease patients), patients who are far away from the hospital and have inconvenient transportation, etc. Secondly, this new telemedicine model also effectively reduces the workload of hospital outpatient clinics, allowing hospital outpatient clinics to focus on critical and severe diseases and difficult and complicated diseases, effectively allocate and use limited medical resources, and provide a home medical care anytime and anywhere for urban people with a tight pace of life and tight time. People can move freely with wireless sensor devices and monitor their physiological parameters at all times in a familiar environment without going to the hospital. It can not only assist in treatment, but also alarm when the patient's condition suddenly deteriorates. Medical staff can observe the health status of patients in the remote monitoring center and provide real-time diagnosis and suggestions, and can also monitor patients for a long time. On the other hand, remote monitoring of healthy people can also detect early symptoms of diseases, thereby achieving the purpose of health care and disease prevention.

This paper designs a new network monitoring device and system, which is based on wireless sensor network technology and uses sensors to collect various health parameters of the human body. These analog signals are processed by the front circuit and input into the microcontroller in the form of digital signals. They enter the PC through wireless data transmission and computer universal serial bus interface, and are sent to the remote monitoring center by the Internet to provide professional medical personnel with various major physiological parameter changes. Then they conduct statistical observations on the data, provide necessary consulting services, and realize telemedicine. The purpose is to use high-frequency wireless multi-channel data transmission to transmit information between medical sensors and monitoring control instruments, reduce the connection between monitoring equipment and medical sensors, and allow the monitored person to have more free space for activities.

2 System Structure

The remote health monitoring medical system for home is mainly composed of two parts: the remote medical instrument sensing system and the communication transmission system. The function of the remote medical instrument sensing system is to collect the user's physical condition data. As a networked home physiological monitoring and physiotherapy device, the remote monitoring system must be stable and reliable, have certain self-test functions, and be basic to operate. From the perspective of patient safety, mature and reliable technologies should be used as much as possible, and they should be compatible with existing systems and share data as much as possible, and be expanded as needed. Communication technology provides strong technical support for the realization of telemedicine. Different communication technologies can be used according to the amount of information transmitted and the real-time requirements in telemedicine applications. In this article's home-oriented health monitoring system, wireless sensor network data transmission is the main connection method between various monitoring devices and computers and remote backbone communication networks. Compared with wired transmission, its advantages are:

(1) It has a fast enough speed to meet the data transmission needs between devices;

(2) It has good scalability. Adding or reducing devices in the system will not affect the use of other devices.

(3) It has good adaptability, convenience and mobility, and is not restricted by the physical environment.

The monitoring system designed in this paper consists of a monitoring base station and sensor nodes to form a micro monitoring network; the sensor nodes collect data on various vital indicators of the user, send the data to the monitoring base station through wireless communication, and the base station transmits the data to the connected PC. The data can be transmitted to the remote medical monitoring center through the Internet, and professional medical personnel will perform statistical observations on the data, provide necessary consulting services, and realize remote medical care.

Users can also use their personal PCs to perform a preliminary analysis of the collected data and take emergency measures based on a preliminary judgment given by the computer. Medical biosensor nodes can be configured according to different needs, so the system has great flexibility and scalability. At the same time, connecting the system to the Internet can form a larger community medical monitoring network, hospital network, and even a city and national medical monitoring network. Figure 1 is a structural diagram of this system.

3 Design of monitoring sensor nodes and monitoring base stations

Sensor nodes are used to measure physiological parameters, and the data obtained are transmitted to the base station through the wireless sensor network. The sensor nodes required by the network can be expanded as needed. Figure 2 is a block diagram of the sensor node, which consists of four main parts: sensor, signal conditioning circuit, processor, and wireless communication module. The wireless communication module is the key to realize wireless monitoring.

The base station unit can collect and display the data information obtained from the test, and can alarm for abnormal situations. If necessary, the data will be automatically sent to the remote monitoring center to seek the doctor's advice and help. Therefore, the monitoring base station device in this system is designed as a portable device. At the same time, the monitoring base station device can communicate with multiple sensor nodes in the system to complete data collection and display functions. In the application process, the monitoring base station device sends a control command to the sensor node through a wireless channel to start the sensor node. After receiving the command, the sensor node performs the corresponding data collection action to collect human physiological index data. After the collection is completed, the data is returned to the monitoring base station through wireless communication, and the monitoring base station performs further display, storage and other operations. The main components of the base station include a user interaction interface module, a wireless communication module, an alarm module and a data transmission module. The communication method with the remote monitoring center can be selected according to the application needs and network construction conditions. Figure 3 is a block diagram of the base station.

The wireless communication module mainly completes the data exchange with the sensor nodes. The base station can be connected to the local computer through the serial port, USB interface and network adapter, and then transmitted to the remote monitoring center through the Internet. The monitoring base station equipment uses batteries for power supply under normal working conditions, so special attention is paid to the management and control of low power consumption in the design process. When not working, the system will enter low power consumption and sleep state to save system energy.

4 Design of User Self-diagnosis System

In this system, the PC is not only a tool for the client to log in to the network server and communicate with the doctor in real time, but also plays a very important role, that is, to provide a self-diagnosis information database and realize the self-diagnosis service function for the user.

The main function of the diagnostic system is to perform a preliminary analysis on the temperature, pulse, blood pressure and other data collected by the sensor before sending them to the hospital. After performing a set signal processing analysis on the data and calculating the corresponding human body information data, it is determined whether the data can be sent out by judging the obtained human body data. At the same time, the user-side diagnostic software also provides a white diagnosis function similar to the expert system for user reference. Figure 4 is a flow chart of the self-diagnosis analysis system.

5 Conclusion

Remote monitoring uses sensor technology and modern communication technology to expand the scope of patient monitoring from within the hospital to any place that can be reached by the communication network, thereby realizing the transmission of medical information between patients and clinics, clinics and hospitals, or between hospitals. Remote monitoring provides a method of studying the physiological functions of remote objects by continuously monitoring the physiological parameters of the monitored person. It shortens the distance between doctors and patients. Doctors can provide timely medical services to patients based on these physiological information transmitted from remote places. The remote monitoring system can not only improve the quality of life of the elderly, but also capture the precursors of the elderly in time. Combined with the remote monitoring of the main physiological parameters, it can improve the level of home care for the elderly. This is of great significance for patients to obtain high-level medical services and emergency support in emergencies. The remote monitoring system was created and developed in response to the development of the information society and people's demand for medical care. With the continuous development of information technology, its form will become more diverse. The miniaturized wireless intelligent sensor network formed by the integration of wireless, mobile and sensor technology will surely bring new breakthroughs to the development of remote monitoring systems.