The structure and performance of the multifunctional electronic grounding control switch

In actual use, the performance and technical deficiencies of the power circuit and accessories of trucks are obvious. To this end, we have developed a multifunctional electronic grounding control switch for automobiles, which successfully solves the existing problems.

The main functions of the grounding switch are: ① Automatically cut off the main power supply when a start-up failure occurs; ② When the engine is turned off and stopped, the main power supply is automatically cut off after a period of time without turning off the electrical appliances or disconnecting the power grounding switch; ③ When the vehicle needs to be started or the fault is eliminated, it automatically resets and powers on, which can start the vehicle smoothly, protect the battery and starter, and realize automatic control of the power circuit of mechanical equipment (such as cars, tractors, generators, tanks, oil field operating machines, parallel machines, etc.).

Practice has proved that the multifunctional electronic grounding control switch for automobiles has the characteristics of high degree of automation, safety and reliability, strong operability, low cost, strong applicability, etc., and has broad promotion prospects. The grounding switch has obtained the national utility model patent (patent number ZL2003 20106600.3).

1. Disadvantages of traditional grounding control switch

1) When starting, the starter often fails to control the engine, that is, the starter pinion and the engine flywheel ring gear are inseparable. The main reasons are: ① The starting current is large, which causes the electromagnetic switch contacts on the starter to burn and roughen. In addition, due to untimely maintenance, the starter return mechanism is dirty and stuck, causing the starter electromagnetic switch contacts to stick; ② The engine oil temperature is low and the viscosity is high (especially in winter), which makes the engine heavy when starting, making the starter and the engine flywheel ring gear inseparable. After the start-up failure occurs, if it cannot be debugged in time, it will cause damage to the starter or battery, scrapping, and even cause an accident in serious cases.

2) Although the mechanical grounding control switch is simple and practical, it is possible to forget to disconnect the power grounding switch when the engine is turned off, causing the battery to discharge and lose power, resulting in battery damage. In addition, when restarting, the mechanical equipment cannot work normally due to insufficient or damaged battery.

3) Safety and reliability are relatively low, automatic control cannot be achieved, and manual operation is required.

2. Structure and performance of multifunctional electronic grounding control switch

The multifunctional electronic grounding control switch is mainly composed of four parts: a) start-up failure control circuit; b) electromagnetic relay; c) IC integrated automatic power-off circuit; d) three-terminal voltage stabilizing circuit. The circuit is shown in Figure 1, and the logical structure of each part is shown in Figure 2.

As can be seen from Figure 1, the start-up loss-of-control control circuit a is connected between the starter and the electromagnetic relay b, the IC integrated automatic power-off circuit c is connected to the three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit d and the battery, the electromagnetic relay b is connected between the battery and the starter, and the three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit d is connected to the battery.

The main performance of the multifunctional electronic grounding control switch:

1) When a start-up failure occurs, the electronic grounding control switch automatically cuts off the power, so that the starter stops running, thereby protecting the starter and battery from damage. After the fault is eliminated for 5 seconds, the control switch automatically resets and the next normal start can be continued.

2) After the car stops running for 10 minutes, the electronic grounding control switch automatically cuts off the power and cuts off the car's grounding circuit to prevent battery leakage. When restarting the vehicle, just press the reset button and the circuit will be automatically connected.

3) Load current: 0~800A/min.

4) Sensitivity: ≤1μs.

5) Delay error: ≤2%.

3. Advantages of multifunctional electronic grounding control switch

多功能电子搭铁控制开关研制成功后，在我公司64辆载货汽车上投入使用。实际应用证明，该开关克服了现有机械式搭铁开关和电磁式搭铁开关技术上的不足，具有以下显著优点：

1) It has many functions, including controlling the failure of starting, automatically resetting the power supply, and automatically cutting off the power supply when shutting down;

2) High degree of automation, no need for manual debugging and control, and strong operability;

3) The system device has no leakage, safe and reliable;

4) Simple structure, easy installation and maintenance;

5) It can work under various working conditions, has strong applicability and good promotion value.

4. Technical and economic benefits

1) Successfully solved the problem of uncontrolled startup of mechanical equipment, avoiding personal and equipment accidents, and has strong safety;

2) Reduce the damage and scrapping of automobile batteries and starters, save materials, and reduce the loss of man-hours for replacement and maintenance;

3) Reduce the labor intensity of operators;

4) Production is guaranteed to be timely.