热阻(thermal resistance),是物体对热量传导的阻碍效果。热阻的单位为℃/W,即物体持续传热功率为1W时,导热路径两端的温差。led的热阻是指LED点亮后,热量传导稳定时,芯片表面每1W耗散,PN结点的温外与连线的支加或散热基板之间的温度差就是LED的热阻Rth。热阻值一般常用θ或是R表示,其中Tj为接面位置的温度,Tx为热传到某点位置的温度,P为匯入的发热功率。热阻大表示热不容易传递,因此套件所产生的温度就比对高,由热阻可以判断及预测套件的发热状况。℃/W数值越低,表示芯片中的热量向外界传导越快。因此,降低了芯片中PN结的温度有利于LED寿命的延长。
那麼影响LED元件热阻的主要因素有哪些呢?如何降低LED元件的热阻呢?
1、LED芯片架构与原物料也是影响LED热阻大小的因素之一,减少LED本身的热阻是先期条件;
2、不同导热系数的热沉材料,如铜、铝等对于LED热阻大小的影响也很大,因此选取合适的热沉材料也是降低LED元件热阻的方法之一。
3、即使用相同的热沉材料,也和散热面积的大小有直接关係,二次散热设计好,面积大,也就相应地降低了热阻,这对LED的发光效率和寿命的延长有很大作用。
4、LED芯片用导热胶还是与金属直接相连,包括导热胶和金属的不同种料都会影响LED热阻的大小。要儘量减少LED与二次散热机搆装载介面之间的热阻。
5、LED元件的工作环境温度过高也会影响LED元件的热阻大小,儘量降低环境温度。
6、选用一定的材料与控制额定匯入功率等技术细节,以提高LED发光效率和延长LED寿命为前提,处理好LED的散热问题。
To summarize briefly, we must consider the following points when designing LEDs:
1、降低芯片的热阻。
2、最佳化热通道。
a、通道架构:长度(L)越短越好;面积(S)越大越好;环节越少越好;消除通道上的热传导瓶颈。
b、通道材料的导热係数λ越大越好。
c、改良封装工艺,令通道环节间的介面接触更紧密可靠。
3、强化电通道的导/散热功能。
4、选用导/散热效能更高的出光通道材料。
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