Application of fiber optic lamps and LED lamps in lighting

Nowadays, under the advocacy of the concept of green lighting, various lighting technologies continue to emerge. Fiber optic lighting and LED lights, as emerging lighting technologies, have always been at the forefront of the field of green lighting. Fiber optic lighting is a lighting method that transmits the light of the light source generator to a designated area through optical fiber. It has the following characteristics: 1) Due to the inherent characteristics of optical fiber and the principle of linear propagation of light, optical fiber can theoretically transmit light to any place, meeting the diversity of practical applications. 2) We can obtain the various colors of light we need through the filter device to meet the needs of light color in different environments. 3) Through the design and installation of optical fiber tail parts, lighting is transformed from abstract to figurative. Fiber optic lighting gives light texture, sense of space, and even life and character. 4) Fiber optic lighting realizes photoelectric separation, which is a qualitative leap. Not only does it improve safety performance, but it also greatly broadens the application field. 5) The plastic fiber optic lighting system has soft light color and no light pollution. Plastic fiber optic decorative lighting uses the method of filtering the spectrum to change the light color of the light source. After being transmitted through the optical fiber, the color is softer and purer, giving people a very prominent visual effect. 6) The spectrum generated by general light sources includes not only visible light, but also infrared and ultraviolet rays. In some special occasions, we avoid infrared and ultraviolet rays, such as cultural relics lighting. Since the low-loss window of plastic optical fiber is located in the visible spectrum, the transmittance of infrared and ultraviolet rays is very low. In addition to the special treatment of the light source machine, the light emitted from the optical fiber is cold light without infrared and ultraviolet rays. Now that we have learned about the characteristics of optical fiber lighting, let's take a look at the characteristics of LED. LED (Light Emitting Diode) is a semiconductor that can convert electrical energy into visible light. It changes the principle of tungsten filament luminescence of incandescent lamps and three-primary color powder luminescence of energy-saving lamps, and adopts electric field luminescence. It has the following characteristics: 1) Voltage: LED uses a low-voltage power supply, and the supply voltage is between 6-24V, which varies according to the product, so it is a safer power supply than using a high-voltage power supply. 2) Efficiency: The energy consumption is 80% less than that of an incandescent lamp with the same light efficiency. 3) Applicability: Each unit LED chip is a square of 3-5mm, so it can be prepared into devices of various shapes and is suitable for changeable environments. 4) Stability: 100,000 hours, light decay is 50% of the initial. 5) Response time: The response time of its incandescent lamp is in milliseconds, and the response time of LED lamp is in nanoseconds. 6) Environmental pollution: No harmful metal mercury. 7) Color: Changing the current can change the color. The light-emitting diode can easily adjust the band structure and band gap of the material through chemical modification methods to achieve red, yellow, green, blue and orange multi-color light emission. 8) Price: The price of LED is relatively expensive. Compared with incandescent lamps, the price of several LEDs can be equivalent to that of an incandescent lamp, and usually each set of signal lights needs to be composed of 300 to 500 diodes.

Due to the unique advantages of fiber optic lighting and LED lights, they have been widely used in various occasions and are constantly being promoted. The current domestic application situation and occasions are briefly described as follows: 1. Fiber optic lighting Due to the many characteristics of fiber optic lighting, it is widely used. Now we analyze and explain its typical applications according to different places of use and the effects produced. 1) The end-lighting system is used for the desktop lighting of the video conference. It is equipped with a focusing lens type light terminal accessory to illuminate vertically from the top, forming a dot-shaped light spot on the desktop, which is suitable for participants to read and write without affecting the slide projection explanation (when the general lighting fixtures are turned off or the brightness is turned down). 2) The effect lighting placed in places with high tops, difficult to maintain or unable to bear weight uses the end-lighting system for the starry sky shape of the tall dome in the hotel lobby. It is equipped with a divergent lens type crystal tail and a rotating glass color disk to form a dynamic effect of sparkling stars, which is incomparable to ordinary lighting systems. 3) The guiding lighting of the outdoor public areas of the building uses a floor-standing tube (line light) system or an underground dot matrix guiding (end-lighting) system for sign lighting. Compared with general lighting methods, it reduces the workload of light source maintenance and has no leakage risk. 4) The outdoor fountain underwater lighting uses an end-lighting system and is equipped with an underwater terminal for outdoor fountain underwater lighting, and the light output and light color change can be synchronously controlled by the audio signal output by the sound system. Its lighting effect and safety are better than ordinary low-voltage underwater lighting systems, and it is easy to maintain and has no leakage risk. 5) The building outline lighting and facade lighting adopt a combination of line light-emitting system and end light-emitting system to illuminate the building outline and facade. It is easy to construct, has a short installation period, has strong timeliness, and can be reused, saving investment. 6) The local lighting of buildings and cultural relics adopts end light-emitting system, and is equipped with focusing lens type or divergent light lens type light-emitting terminal accessories for indoor local lighting. For example, the local lighting of silk cultural relics, painting cultural relics or printed cultural relics in museums that have special control requirements for temperature, humidity, ultraviolet rays and infrared rays all adopts fiber optic lighting system. 7) Light box and billboard lighting line light-emitting optical fiber is soft and easy to break, easy to be processed into different patterns, without electric shock risk, no high-voltage transformer is required, can automatically change light color, and is easy to construct and install, and can be reused. Therefore, it is often used for billboard lighting set on buildings. Compared with traditional neon lights, fiber optic lighting has obvious performance advantages. 2. Application fields of LED 1) Signal indication application: Signal lighting is a relatively extensive and early application field of LED monochromatic light, accounting for about 4% of the LED application market. 2) Display application: Signboards, billboards, large-screen displays, etc., LED applications for display screens account for about 20%-25% of LED applications, and display screens can be divided into monochrome and color. 3) Lighting application: ① Portable lamps: flashlights, headlights, miner's lamps, diving lamps, etc.

The second point is automotive lamps: high-mounted brake lights, brake lights, turn signals, reversing lights, etc. High-power LEDs have been widely used in automotive lighting. ③ Special lighting: solar garden lights, solar street lights, underwater lights, etc.; Due to the small size of LED, it is easy to dynamically control brightness and color, so it is more suitable for architectural decorative lighting. ④ Backlight lighting: ordinary electronic equipment function display backlight, laptop backlight, large-size and ultra-large-size LCD display backlight, etc. LED as the backlight of mobile phone display is the most widely used field of LED. ⑤ Projection light source: RGB light source for projector; ⑥ General lighting: various general lighting fixtures, lighting sources, etc.; 3. Comparison of lighting effects between fiber optic lighting and LED Although fiber optic lighting and LED have their own characteristics and their application fields overlap, the effects still have their own characteristics. Excellent fiber optic lighting is very personalized and can meet people's different needs for light environment. The decorative effect is magnificent. The twelve constellations and the starry sky make you feel the tranquility and romance of the night; the flowing fiber optic waterfall reminds people of the classic scene of "the waterfall falls three thousand feet straight down, and it is suspected that the Milky Way falls from the sky"; the casualness of the fiber optic three-dimensional stereoscope is mottled, like the rain of osmanthus, which always arouses people's curiosity; the fiber optic curtains are swaying and fresh, as if to bring people back to the artistic conception of "curtains rolling in the west wind". Looking at the starry sky outside the window, the light spots are flickering and within reach, which makes people happy; raising your hand to pick the stars is a fiber optic mesh screen. Fiber optic lighting can coexist with people and the surrounding environment, and can even achieve the state of unity of people and light, and unity of situation. With the development and maturity of LEDs of various colors, the technology of creating color-changing effects with monochromatic LEDs for entertainment is becoming more and more mature. In order to change the color, the system generally uses red, green and blue LEDs (RGB) as monochromatic light sources, and then uses the technology called "color enhancement" to create the final desired color. However, in terms of the expression of light, no other lighting method can compare with fiber optic lighting. Therefore, in terms of development trends, fiber optic lighting still occupies a dominant position. 4. Market comparison of fiber optic lighting and LED lighting Since fiber optic lighting and LED lighting are essentially different, and the performance effects are also different, they also have different emphases in the sales market. Although fiber optic lighting does not occupy too much market share in the lighting industry now, it is growing in direct proportion. It continues to attract the attention of visitors at the annual American Lighting Products Exhibition, especially for places where it is inconvenient to use ordinary lights. For example, it is most advantageous to use fiber optic lighting systems in places that are difficult to approach or require photoelectric separation. According to the characteristics of fiber optic lighting, the sales market of fiber optic lighting mainly faces decorative lighting, entertainment lighting, artistic lighting and special lighting. As a new type of light source, LED has been developed in recent years with more and more types of lighting products and a growing market share, based on the current development trend and the concept of green lighting.