Some understanding of the short circuit phenomenon and causes of lead-acid batteries

(1) The open circuit voltage is low and the closed circuit voltage (discharge) quickly reaches the termination voltage.

(2) When a large current is discharged, the terminal voltage drops rapidly to zero.

(3) When the circuit is open, the electrolyte density is very low and the electrolyte will freeze in a low temperature environment.

(4) During charging, the voltage rises very slowly and always remains low (sometimes dropping to zero).

(5) During charging, the electrolyte temperature rises very quickly.

(6) During charging, the electrolyte density increases very slowly or remains almost unchanged.

(7) No bubbles appear during charging or bubbles appear very late.

The main reasons for the internal short circuit of lead-acid batteries are as follows:

(1) The separator is of poor quality or defective, allowing the active material of the plate to pass through, resulting in virtual contact or direct contact between the positive and negative plates.

(2) The separator is out of place, causing the positive and negative plates to be connected.

(3) The active material on the plate expands and falls off. Due to excessive deposition of the detached active material, the lower edge or side edge of the positive and negative plates come into contact with the deposits, causing the positive and negative plates to be connected.

(4) A conductive object falls into the battery, causing the positive and negative plates to connect.

(5) The "lead flow" formed during welding of the electrode group has not been completely removed, or "lead beans" exist between the positive and negative plates during assembly, which damages the separator during the charge and discharge process, causing the positive and negative plates to be connected.