Multi-system integration increases museum security

The risk levels of museums can be roughly divided into three levels: national or provincial museums are first-level risk units, provincial (municipal)-level cultural relics protection units are second-level risk units, and county-level cultural relics protection units with collections are third-level risk units.

Large museums are classified as national first-level risk units. The cultural relics collected in them are of great value. Once damaged or stolen, they cannot be reproduced. Therefore, the state attaches great importance to them. Protecting the safety of cultural relics and anti-theft and anti-destruction are one of the key points of museum security work. Museums have always been the key application places of security products and technologies, and are also the comprehensive embodiment of security technology system integration.

The museum security system project must comply with the laws and regulations on cultural relics safety and museum construction issued by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, the public security department and other competent departments. my country's museum security system construction requires compliance with the "Regulations on Risk Levels and Safety Protection Levels of Cultural Relics System Museums" and the "Design Specifications for Security Projects of Cultural Relics System Museums", with the main purpose of meeting the requirements of modern museums, focusing on the general trend of scientific and technological development, and fully considering the needs of museums.

Features of museum security system

The museum's security system mainly includes subsystems such as video security monitoring system, intrusion alarm system, electronic patrol system, access control system, sound verification system, explosion-proof safety inspection system, intercom system (wired and wireless) and integrated security management system. The basic configuration of each subsystem includes five major units: front-end detection, transmission, information processing, control and management, display and recording and playback.

博物馆的监控系统有着显著的特点。出于对建筑内重点文物的保护需要，其室内照明条件需要进行严格控制，同时为了保证对重点区域违规，违法事件的掌握，其监控的清晰度也有较高的要求。为满足室内复杂照明条件下的高清监控需求，需配备高清晰度并适合多种照明条件下的高性能摄像机对馆内情况进行高清监控。

According to Qin Jie, product manager of the Video Security Product Marketing Section of Sony's Application Business Marketing Department, museums have very high requirements for camera sensitivity. Since the light in museums is generally dim, the low-light and high-sensitivity performance of cameras is higher than that of other application sites. In addition, under normal circumstances, photography is not allowed in museums, and exhibits cannot be touched. Installing cameras with intelligent functions such as automatic alarm, two-way voice, and playback and recording can help manage monitoring. At the same time, due to the relatively special monitoring environment of museums, front-end monitoring products with good color reproduction and clarity are also required.

It is also understood that the demand for security products by museums of different types or levels is not particularly different. The difference in product application mainly depends on the specific application occasion. For example, near the entrance and exit of the museum hall, the space is generally open, and a fast ball with a large zoom can better perform the monitoring of such places.

The security system of a large museum is a first-level protection system, and its security system has high requirements for system performance. Li Chunlei, a technical support engineer at Tyco (Beijing) Installation Engineering Co., Ltd., said that this is mainly reflected in the requirements for alarm response speed, system security and information security.

Li Chunlei said that due to the complexity of museum space, the alarm response speed of the entire security system must be fast enough, otherwise it will lead to serious consequences, such as an alarm being triggered but the intruder cannot be tracked through video. Some museums even require the alarm display response time to be less than 2 seconds and the video linkage response time to be less than 4 seconds.

In terms of system security, basically all hardware connections require dual channels. For example, for RS485 transmission equipment, dual RS485 buses are required; for networked controllers, dual network cards are required and connected to different switches respectively. Hardware and software linkage are taken into account. For example, hardware linkage is used for fire protection system and lighting system, and software linkage is used for alarm linkage matrix and linkage DVR recording. Analog and digital are taken into account. Video matrix, audio matrix, DVR and disk storage array coexist, and alarm map display board and electronic map coexist. Application system hot standby, deploy system servers in two rooms at a certain distance, and establish hot standby clusters to ensure the continuous operation of the security system as much as possible.

In addition, data is required to be backed up in real time, stored in a hierarchical manner, and encrypted, such as video recording watermark function and encrypted transmission of card reading information.

Design and selection of museum security system

According to Song Yaowen of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Museum, the composition of the museum's security technology prevention system should be: with the central control room as the hub, the intrusion alarm system as the core, and the sound review, image review, TV monitoring and communication systems as the basic components. According to the needs of the exhibition halls on each floor, access control, patrol, video intercom, entrance and exit control and other systems can be added. Through integration, each system is integrated to form a modern security technology prevention system with automation, intelligence, complete functions and strong comprehensive prevention capabilities.

Intrusion alarm system

The intrusion alarm system is the core content of the museum's security project and the most fundamental technical guarantee among the "three elements" (detection, delay, and response) of the security system. The intrusion alarm system should have sound, light, and location display for single-channel alarms; when multiple channels are alarmed at the same time, it can simultaneously send out multiple channels of sound, light, and location display, and there will be voice prompts; the system has a linkage function. Once the system is triggered to alarm, it can automatically switch the sound signal and image signal of the alarm location to the terminal for alarm review, and conduct real-time audio and video recording for evidence collection.

Depending on the building structure, environment and climate, and while ensuring the effectiveness of perimeter protection, the front-end equipment that can be considered for perimeter protection include: outdoor microwave alarm detectors, active infrared detectors, outdoor passive infrared detectors, microwave induction cables, vibration cables, leakage cable detectors, high-voltage electronic pulse perimeter alarm detectors, etc. Video motion detection alarms, access control systems, etc. can also be used for perimeter protection.

The video surveillance facilities installed in the monitoring area are mainly remote-controlled cameras. Fixed cameras can be installed in the main passages, audience entrances and exits, parking lot entrances and exits, and hidden locations outside the museum to strengthen the monitoring of key areas. When selecting cameras, low-light and all-weather configurations should be selected. Sound detection devices can be installed in the monitoring area according to the on-site conditions and actual use needs. When a perimeter alarm occurs, the camera, auxiliary lighting and sound detector are linked in real time for audio/video review.

The inner perimeter protection mainly includes the protection of various air inlets, outlets, doors, windows, etc. of the building walls. It is both the inner perimeter of the entire protection system and the outer perimeter of the protection area. On the basis of physical protection of them, technical prevention measures should also be strengthened. According to the different parts of the inner perimeter protection, the front-end equipment that can be considered for selection include: active infrared detectors, passive infrared/microwave intrusion detectors, vibration detectors, glass break detectors, metal fence disconnection alarm devices, etc.

Relatively weak areas such as doors, windows, access passages, vents, and ceiling inspection ports in the protection zone or restricted area should be protected to form the external defense line of the protection zone. The area where the protection target is located should have a cross-intrusion detection system composed of multiple different detection technologies. When designing space protection, it is necessary to strictly follow the requirements of the specifications, fully consider the reliability and effectiveness of the detector work according to the actual structural layout and use environment on site, and select applicable anti-intrusion detection equipment. The layout of each detector should be controlled within its effective detection range to avoid critical applications. At the same time, through the cross-coverage of the protection range of different detectors, various prevention technologies complement each other to ensure that all alarms in the protection area are responded to without omission.

Video surveillance system

The video surveillance system monitors and effectively records and replays images of important places and places such as the main passages inside and outside the building, elevators, and cultural relics exhibition halls, cultural relics warehouses, and temporary storage rooms in real time; the quality of the recorded and replayed images should meet the management requirements of traceability and evidence, and the image quality should not be lower than level 4; the video monitoring system should be linked with other security systems such as anti-intrusion alarm systems and access control systems to make the prevention capabilities more powerful. The performance indicators of the camera, especially the illumination indicators, for color and black-and-white cameras, are configured according to the relevant provisions in the Civil Closed-Circuit Monitoring Television System Engineering Technical Specifications (GB50198-94), according to the on-site illumination parameters of the inspection report, and considering the changes in ambient illumination and the range of camera observation, the camera lenses are calculated and configured one by one.

In addition, access control, video intercom, entrance and exit control, parking lot management, radio intercom (positioning or non-positioning), image recognition, online or offline patrol and other systems can be designed as needed to assist in improving the overall system functions and enhance the technical level.

Challenges of Museum Security

According to the requirements of the 11th Five-Year Plan, 300 more museums will be built nationwide. As museums hold more and more exchanges and exhibitions, new security issues will soon emerge. Lin Kanhua, project manager of Shenzhen Haoming Security Engineering Co., Ltd., said that the theft of museums has been very serious in recent years, characterized by "internal theft" and "technical external theft" by taking advantage of the technical laxity of security products. From the perspective of the areas of "collection" and "exhibition", "cultural relics security" can be divided into activities within the museum and exhibitions outside the museum. The requirements for security protection of the two have both similarities and differences.

Generally, no exhibits are moved during activities in the museum, and only exhibition and appreciation activities are carried out in the museum. Its characteristics include: using the existing comprehensive protection facilities in the museum to provide corresponding protection for the warehouse, immovable objects, and exhibition sites. At present, the comprehensive protection of existing museums in my country generally has four major protection systems: entrance and exit control system, anti-theft alarm system, physical protection system, and video surveillance system. Among them, the "anti-theft alarm system" is the focus of the entire system, which can directly reject illegal intrusion. The video surveillance system is used by security personnel for real-time monitoring and post-event processing and evidence collection.

The characteristic of outdoor exhibitions is that they require safety in mobility. Because exhibits are in unfamiliar environments during transportation, storage, and exhibition, if comprehensive protection capabilities are not guaranteed, counterfeit substitutions and thefts are more likely to occur. Therefore, the protection requirements for exhibits should be higher. In addition, domestic museums currently do not pay enough attention to this aspect, which has caused some irreparable losses.

Liu Pingli from Tianjin Tiandi Weiye Digital Technology Co., Ltd. believes that a complete museum security system is very complex, including multiple subsystems, each of which can work independently and play its own role. This involves a very realistic problem: How can the subsystems be effectively linked? For example, when the anti-intrusion alarm subsystem detects that the monitor is damaged, can the multiple cameras of the audio and video monitoring subsystem be linked to lock the scene from different angles, leaving criminals nowhere to escape? At present, many museums' security systems are implemented in a subcontracting manner, and different engineering companies use products from different manufacturers to implement them. Most of them are implemented in steps and batches, and the systems run independently. Even each system requires independent management personnel. It is difficult to achieve comprehensive monitoring and centralized management of multiple systems, which virtually reduces the efficiency of the system and increases the management and maintenance costs of the system.

The development trend of museum security

The development of museum security is consistent with the development trend of the industry. Networking, high definition and intelligence are the development direction of the security industry and the development trend of museum security applications. IP technology has obvious advantages in integration, control and subsequent expansion, and is welcomed by users of newly expanded museums. In addition, compared with analog systems, network systems have advantages in system compatibility and are more convenient for users.

Smart video surveillance is also increasingly being used in the field of museum security. Qin Jie, product manager of the video security product marketing department of Sony's application business marketing department, said that the smart video surveillance system can provide early warnings when no one is on duty and record the content of illegal activities. It provides a supplement to the original video surveillance system to the greatest extent, while reducing the workload of security personnel and greatly increasing the security of the museum security system.

With the increasing maturity of IP technology, the integration of various subsystems has become the main development trend of museum security systems. It is mainly reflected in the security integrated management platform of information interaction, and the information sharing of each control room is realized through a unified platform. Among them, the intrusion alarm system and the entrance and exit control system must be constructed and implemented with the same brand series of equipment, and use this as the basic management platform to achieve effective integration of the video surveillance system, audio review monitoring system, entrance and exit management system, anti-theft alarm system, patrol system and parking management system. Centrally monitor and manage each subsystem, store, display and manage the information of each subsystem on the same platform, and provide data access interfaces for other systems to reflect the operating status of each subsystem in a timely, accurate and comprehensive manner. Based on the status parameters of each subsystem, the relevant linkage between the subsystems is realized, and the operation terminal installs different software modules according to needs or changes the identity to complete the corresponding management functions.

Conclusion

In general, the museum security system is an integrated system engineering, which is based on the system's hardware integration, software integration, data and information integration, and functional integration. This integration is not to simply stack or connect the subsystems together, or just let the management software of each subsystem run on the same computer or even the same network. The real system integration should be the redesign of the original subsystems to work together, and the functional improvement of the original independent subsystems. A comprehensive and three-dimensional security system can ensure the safety of the museum to the greatest extent.