Fifteen anecdotes that Chinese people should know

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Fifteen anecdotes that Chinese people should know

1. High Mountain and Flowing Water

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Yu Boya was a qin player. His music was profound and difficult for ordinary people to understand, but only Zhong Ziqi could appreciate it. When Boya played the qin, his mind was on the mountains. Zhong Ziqi praised him, saying, "Well done, it is as majestic as Mount Tai." Then, his mind was on the flowing water. Zhong Ziqi sighed, "Well done, it is as vast as the river." Later, Zhong Ziqi passed away. Boya was heartbroken and stopped playing the qin for the rest of his life. Later generations used "high mountains and flowing water" to describe the difficulty of finding a soulmate, and also to refer to the beauty of music.

2. Zhuang Zhou's Dream of a Butterfly

During the Warring States Period, philosopher Zhuang Zhou advocated that right and wrong should be equal, and that the self and the world should be forgotten. There is a parable in "Zhuangzi" that illustrates this principle: Zhuang Zhou dreamed that he turned into a butterfly, dancing and enjoying himself. After waking up from the dream, he was still Zhuang Zhou. Therefore, it is not known whether Zhuang Zhou turned into a butterfly or the butterfly turned into Zhuang Zhou. Later generations used Zhuang Zhou's dream of a butterfly to illustrate that life is like a dream, which is difficult to explain. Li Shangyin's famous work "Brocade Zither" in the Tang Dynasty says: "Brocade Zither has fifty strings for no reason, and each string and pillar reminds me of my youth. Zhuangzi dreamed of butterflies in the morning, and King Wang placed his spring love on the cuckoo. The moon is bright in the sea, and the pearls are in tears. The sun is warm in Lantian, and the jade is smoking. This feeling can be recalled, but it was already lost at that time." The couplet in the poem uses this allusion.

3. Stunning Beauty

During the reign of Emperor Wu of Han, Li Yannian, the commander of the music department, once sang a song in front of the emperor: "There is a beauty in the north, peerless and independent. One look from her can overwhelm the whole city, another look can overwhelm the whole country. I would rather not know that she can overwhelm the whole city and the whole country, as such a beauty is hard to find again." The emperor was fascinated by her and sighed for a long time, saying: "Is there such a person in the world?" Princess Pingyang said that Li Yannian had a sister who was peerless in appearance, beautiful and good at dancing. The emperor summoned her and took her into the harem, and she was the lady Li who was deeply favored later. The phrase "overwhelm the whole country and overwhelm the whole city" is used to describe a woman's unparalleled beauty, and it is often quoted in literary works.

4. Light Footsteps

Cao Zhi, the son of Cao Cao, was a man of great talent and literary fame. However, after his elder brother Cao Pi came to power, he was suspected and frustrated. His "Ode to the Goddess of Luo River" is a famous poem that is widely read. In it, the beauty of the gait of the Goddess of Luo River is described as follows: "She is as swift as a flying bird, and as elusive as a god. She walks lightly on the water, and her silk socks are covered with dust." The description of the Goddess of Luo River walking on the water, with footprints on the water, is very vivid. Later generations used "light steps on the water" to describe the light steps of women. For example, He Zhuo's "Qingyu Case" lyrics "The water does not cross the Hengtang Road, but I watch the fragrant dust go away" uses this allusion. (The allusion can be found in Cao Zhi's "Ode to the Goddess of Luo River").

5. Reconciliation

Xu Deyan, a son of the Chen Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties, married Princess Lechang, the sister of Chen Houzhu. Seeing that the world was in chaos and the country would soon be destroyed, he feared that once the country was destroyed, the couple would be separated in the chaos, so he broke the bronze mirror into two, and the couple each held half, and agreed to sell the mirror in the city on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month of the next year to meet again. Not long after, Chen was destroyed by the Sui Dynasty. The princess was captured by Yang Su, a senior official of the Sui Dynasty, and was greatly favored. Deyan fled to the capital and met a servant selling a broken mirror on the street, which matched the half he had hidden. He wrote a poem: "The mirror and the person went away, the mirror returned but the person did not. There is no shadow of Chang'e, only the bright moonlight remains." When the princess saw the poem, she cried and refused to eat. After Yang Su learned about it, he was deeply moved and finally reunited the couple. Later, "broken mirror reunited" was used to describe the reunion of a couple after separation.

6. Poetry about catkins is a talent

Xie An, a politician in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, gathered with his family on a snowy day to discuss the meaning of literature with his children. As the snow was falling heavier outside, Xie An was in high spirits and pointed to the flying snow outside and asked, "What does the falling white snow resemble?" Xie An's nephew Xie Lang said casually, "It's similar to salt being sprinkled in the air." His niece Xie Daoyun followed up with, "It's not as good as willow catkins flying in the wind." Xie An was very impressed and praised his niece for her extraordinary talent. Xie Daoyun was a famous talented woman in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Willow catkins flying in the wind are as magnificent as flying snow, which is used to describe the flying white snow, which is appropriate and vivid, so people praised women with poetic talent as "Yongxucai".

7. Harp without strings

Tao Yuanming, a Jin Dynasty poet, was not good at playing the zither, but he had a "zither without strings". Whenever he was drunk and in a good mood, he would play the zither to express his feelings. Ouyang Xiu, a writer of the Song Dynasty, wrote "On Zither", in which he claimed that he had successively obtained three zithers, each one more valuable than the other. However, "the more prosperous the official position, the more expensive the zither, and the less happy I was." When he was the magistrate of Yiling County, he lived by the green mountains and clear waters every day, so he was content with his poor zither; after he became a clerk and a scholar, he ran around in the dust and the world of fame and fortune, his mind was confused, and even playing a famous zither was boring. He said: "I know that it is the person, not the zither. If the heart is at ease, there is no mystery." Su Shi's "Zi Poetry" said: "If you say that there is a sound on the zither, why doesn't it sound when it is placed in the ring? If you say that the sound is on your fingers, why don't you listen to it on your fingers?" These all mean that the sound is not on the zither, and their meanings are all derived from Tao Yuanming's "zither without strings". The classic is in "The Collection of Prince Zhaoming. Biography of Tao Jing"

8. Zhangtai Willow

Han Yu, a Tang Dynasty poet, was one of the ten talented men of the Dali period. When he lived in Beijing, he got a concubine named Liu, who was both talented and beautiful. Later, Han Yu served as an aide to Hou Xiyi, the governor of Zibo and Qingzhou. At that time, during the An-Shi Rebellion, he did not dare to take Liu with him to his post. After three years of separation, they were unable to reunite, so he sent a poem to Liu, saying: "Zhangtai Willow, Zhangtai Willow, are you still there as you were in the past? Even if the long branches are still hanging like before, they should be picked by others." Liu also responded with a poem saying: "The willow branches are in full bloom, but it is a pity that they are given away every year. A leaf suddenly announces the coming of autumn with the wind, even if you come, how can you pick it?" Because she lived alone because of her beauty, she was afraid of accidents, so she became a nun. Soon, she was kidnapped by the foreign general Shazhali. Later, thanks to the trick of Yuhou general Xu Jun, they were rescued and reunited. Later generations named the tune of Han Yu's poem to Liu "Zhangtai Willow". "Zhangtai Willow" is also used to refer to people like prostitutes, such as roads that can be picked by anyone, and willow wall flowers.

9. Peach Blossom

Cui Hu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, was very talented. He traveled alone to the southern village of Chang'an during the Qingming Festival. When he arrived at a village, he saw a cluster of flowers and trees, but no one was talking. He was extremely thirsty, so he knocked on the door and asked for water. After a long time, a woman answered the door and offered him a seat with a cup of water. The woman leaned against the peach blossoms in front of the courtyard, her posture was very charming; she stared at each other with infinite affection. Cui Hu flirted with her, but she did not respond. They stared at each other for a long time. Cui left, and the woman saw him to the door, and entered as if overwhelmed with emotion. The following Qingming Festival, Cui Hu recalled this incident, and felt that he could not meet again. He went to visit again, but he saw that the gate and courtyard were the same, locked and no one was there. Feeling melancholy, he wrote a poem on the door: "Last year on this day, in this door, the face of a man and the peach blossoms reflected each other. I don't know where the face of the man has gone, but the peach blossoms still smile in the spring breeze!" In later poems and essays, "the face of a man and the peach blossoms" are often used to describe the melancholy of a man who met a woman and never saw her again.

10. Night tour with candlelight

There is a line in the "Nineteen Ancient Poems" that says "Life is not even a hundred years long, but we always worry about a thousand years. Days are short and nights are long, so why not go out with candlelight?" When Cao Pi was the heir of the King of Wei, he was good friends with Wu Zhi. In the 22nd year of Jian'an, there was a great epidemic, and literati such as Xu Ji, Liu Zhen, Chen Lin, and Wang Can all died of dysentery. Cao Pi wrote a letter to Wu Zhi, urging him to cherish time and enjoy himself. There is a line in the book that says "The ancients thought of going out with candlelight at night, and there was a good reason for it." Later generations used "going out with candlelight at night" to describe enjoying life in time. Li Bai used Cao Pi's original words in "Preface to a Banquet in Taoli Garden on a Spring Night", omitting only the word "think". Later, it was extended to mean watching flowers with candlelight. For example, in Bai Juyi's "Cherishing Peonies" from the Tang Dynasty, "The wind will blow away all the flowers tomorrow, so I cherish their fading redness by fire at night"; in Li Shangyin's "Drunk Under Flowers", "After the guests have left and I wake up late at night, I hold a red candle to admire the withered flowers"; and in Su Shi's "Begonia" from the Song Dynasty, "I am afraid the flowers will fall asleep late at night, so I light a high candle to illuminate their red beauty" all have the same idea.

11. The Clouds Are Changing

In the early years of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, Wang Jiyou served in the government of Yuzhang County. The poet Du Fu was friends with Wang Jiyou. He felt sorry for his erudition but failure in his career and the misfortune of his wife leaving him. He wrote a poem "Lamentable" to express his feelings. The first four lines said: "The floating clouds in the sky are like white clothes, but they change into gray dogs in a moment. From ancient times to the present, everything in life happens at the same time." The poem uses the change of floating clouds in the sky to metaphorically describe the ups and downs of life. "White clouds and gray dogs" was later used to describe the ever-changing world. The Song Dynasty poet Zhang Yuangan has the line "White clothes and gray dogs turn into floating clouds, and the fame through the ages gathers into dust." The classic is from "Collected Works of Du Gongbu"

12. Childhood sweethearts

Li Bai's "Changgan Xing" "The boy rides a bamboo horse and plays with green plums around the bed. They live together for thousands of miles, and there is no suspicion between the two children." It describes the innocence of boys and girls, and their intimate playfulness. "Two children without suspicion" is also used to refer to the innocence and purity of young boys and girls, and their harmonious relationship with each other. For example, "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio". Jiangcheng: "The old man has a daughter, nicknamed Jiangcheng, who is the same age as the young man, both eight or nine years old, and they are innocent and play together every day." The classic is from "Collected Works of Li Taibai"

13. Green leaves and shade

When Tang Dynasty poet Du Mu was serving as a staff member in Xuancheng, he was invited by Governor Cui of Huzhou to visit him. In Huzhou, he met a young girl who was 18 years old at that time. He loved her very much and promised to marry her ten years later. After that, he traveled for many years until he was appointed Governor of Huzhou fourteen years later. He returned to the old place, but the girl he had met had been married for three years and had given birth to two sons. Du Mu was very melancholy and wrote a poem "Sighing Flowers" to express his feelings. The poem says, "Since I am late in looking for spring, there is no need to be sad and blame the flowers. The wild wind has blown away all the deep red, and the green leaves have formed a shade and the branches are full of fruits." Later generations used "green leaves forming a shade" to refer to a woman who has married and has children. Song Dynasty poet Ouyang Xiu also had a similar experience. He once wrote a poem: "The catkins have taken away the spring color, and the crabapple should hate me for being late." The wording is different, but it actually uses Du Mu's poetic meaning of "green leaves forming a shade". Examples can be found in "Liqing Collection", "Annals of Tang Poetry" and "Biographies of Talented Men in the Tang Dynasty".

14. Mirror Flower and Water Moon

Flowers in the mirror and the moon in the water are often used by people to describe illusory and unattainable things, but poets often use them to describe hazy and ethereal artistic conception. For example, Yan Yu of the Song Dynasty discussed poetry based on Buddhism and advocated wonderful enlightenment. He said: "Therefore, its wonderfulness is thorough and exquisite, and it cannot be matched, like the sound in the air, the color in the mirror, the moon in the water, and the image in the mirror. The words are finite but the meaning is infinite." Xie Zhen of the Ming Dynasty also said about poetry: "Some poems can be understood and some cannot. There is no need to understand them. Just like flowers in the water and moon in the mirror, don't stick to their traces." "Flowers in the mirror and moon in the water" are used to describe the indescribable wonderful state in poetry.

15. Idle Clouds and Solitary Cranes

During the Five Dynasties, the poet monk Guan Xiu became a monk at the age of seven. He was very strict and austere and was quite famous for his poetry. After Qian Miao of Wuyue became king, Guan Xiu sent a poem to him. The poem goes: "You are forced to come here and I am not free. I have been working hard in the forests and hills for several years. The flowers in the hall are intoxicating three thousand guests, and the sword frosts fourteen states. Lai Zi's clothes are narrow and brocade, and Xie Gong's poems are ashamed of the gorgeous clouds. In the future, his name will be listed in the Lingyan Pavilion, so how can I envy the marquis of the past!" The couplet on the forehead is particularly good. But after seeing it, Qian Miao asked him to change "fourteen states" to "forty states". Only then can they meet. Guan Xiu refused and said: "It is difficult to change the states, and it is difficult to change the poems. But the idle clouds and lonely cranes, what sky can't they fly?" Later, "idle clouds and lonely cranes" were used to describe freedom to come and go without being bound.

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