Inventory of global wafer production line layout
Latest update time：2021-08-30 21:05
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In recent years, the global silicon wafer supply has been insufficient. China's 8-inch and 12-inch silicon wafers have weak independent supply capabilities and are highly dependent on imports, which is a shortcoming in the integrated circuit industry chain.
Currently, many domestic silicon wafer projects have begun, hoping to break the dependence on imports and have sufficient capacity to meet market demand.
First of all, what is a wafer?
Wafer refers to the silicon chip used in the production of silicon semiconductor integrated circuits. Because of its round shape, it is called a wafer;
various circuit component structures can be processed on the silicon wafer to become integrated circuit products with specific electrical functions. The
original material of the wafer is silicon, and there is an inexhaustible supply of silicon dioxide on the surface of the earth's crust.
Silicon dioxide ore is refined in an electric arc furnace, chlorinated with hydrochloric acid, and distilled to produce high-purity polysilicon with a purity of up to 99.9999999999%.
How are silicon wafers produced?
▲Complete production process of silicon wafer
Which manufacturers produce silicon wafers?
Table:
Supply of large silicon wafer production capacity in mainland China
(Source of data for this table: Core Thought, Silicon Industry, China Fortune Land Development Industry Research Institute)
Which manufacturers need silicon wafers?
Table:
Semiconductor manufacturing plants in mainland China (2018-2019 first half)
(Source of data for this table: Core Thought, Trendfore, public information, China Fortune Land Development Industry Research Institute)
In June 2019, the localization rate of 6-inch wafers exceeded 50%, the localization rate of 8-inch wafers was 10%, and the localization rate of 12-inch wafers was less than 1%. In addition, most of the domestically produced 12-inch wafers in domestic wafer factories are measurement and control wafers, and the sales of positive wafers are relatively small.
Considering the release of some production capacity in the second half of the year, there will be a gap of at least 5 million 12-inch silicon wafers in China in 2019.
Detailed introduction of major foreign silicon wafer companies
1. Shin-Etsu Chemical
Shin-Etsu Chemical is a well-known chemical company in Japan, with its main businesses including silicon wafers, rare earth magnets, potassium konium chloride and other products.
Unlike other silicon wafer manufacturers, Shin-Etsu Chemical adopts a diversified development strategy and is a global leader in multiple material fields.
At the same time, diversified business helps Shin-Etsu Chemical's silicon wafer business to extend vertically. Shin-Etsu Chemical can produce semiconductor material metal silicon by itself, thus achieving consistent production starting from raw materials.
Shin-Etsu Chemical is the only silicon wafer company that has been profitable since the mid-1980s, mainly because other diversified businesses have smoothed the fluctuations of the semiconductor business.
Operating income has stabilized between US$10 billion and US$12 billion, and net profit margin has remained at 10% to 12%.
Net profit margin has increased in the past four years, mainly due to the short supply of silicon wafers.
2. SUMCO
Japan Sumco specializes in silicon wafer manufacturing and has a leading position in the world. It is the top 2 manufacturer on par with Shin-Etsu Chemical.
The company was formed by the merger of Mitsubishi Silicon Materials and Sumitomo Materials Sitix divisions, and can provide 300mm, 200mm large-size wafers, and 200mm SOI wafers.
The company has frequent acquisition activities. Through continuous mergers and acquisitions in the industry, the company continues to improve its technology reserves and product competitiveness, and establishes close ties with semiconductor leaders.
3. Siltronic
Siltronic Electronics is mainly engaged in silicon wafer manufacturing and is the first company in the world to launch 300mm wafers.
In the era of 150mm silicon wafers, Siltronic had a top position in 150mm silicon wafers, but because Siltronic was a subsidiary of Wacker at the time, its strategy changed frequently, resulting in insufficient investment in the research and development of 200mm products and unable to keep up with the pace of the large-size wafer era, so its performance was poor.
But later, Siltronic repositioned itself in the power device market and the Asia-Pacific market, giving the 150mm product line a new lease of life and achieving huge revenue.
In addition, Siltronic also cooperated with Samsung to develop 300mm and became the world's first company to launch 300mm silicon wafers.
Since 2013, through strengthening sales construction, the company's operating income has continued to increase, and the gross profit margin has stabilized at around 24%, but the net profit margin has continued to decline due to the depreciation of large fixed asset investments in the early stage.
The overall scale of the company is still far behind the top 2.
4. LG SiltronLG
Siltron is a subsidiary of LG that specializes in manufacturing semiconductor silicon wafers, the basic material of semiconductor chips.
However, SK Group acquired a 51% stake in LG Siltron in January 2017 to enter the semiconductor materials and parts field.
5. Soitec, France
As the world's largest SOI wafer provider, most manufacturers using SOI technology, including AMD, will purchase Soitec's wafers.
6. Okmetic, Finland
Okmetic provides tailor-made high value-added silicon wafers for the manufacture of MEMS and sensors as well as discrete semiconductors and analog circuits.
The products manufactured by Okmetic's customers are used in a variety of everyday applications, including smartphones, portable devices, automotive electronics, industrial process control and medical applications, the Internet of Things (IoT) and different solutions related to power and efficiency improvement.
Okmetic has one business unit and two customer groups:
Sensor Wafers and Discrete and Analog Wafers (D&A Wafers).
The same expertise, equipment and production lines can be used flexibly to meet different types of products for different customer groups.
Detailed introduction of silicon wafer enterprises in Taiwan, China
1. Global Wafer
GlobalWafers has presence in Taiwan, China, Japan, Europe and the United States. The company has partnered with Japanese semiconductor equipment manufacturer Ferrotec to build an 8-inch silicon wafer plant in Shanghai, with an initial monthly production capacity of about 100,000 wafers.
At the same time, the two parties have also negotiated to build another 8-inch plant in Hangzhou, with initial plans to start production by the end of 2019.
GlobalWafers is a subsidiary of Sino-American Silicon. In 2012, it acquired the semiconductor wafer business of Covalent Materials (now CoorsTek), formerly Toshiba Ceramics, to expand its business scope.
Later, it acquired SunEdison Semiconductor, the world's fourth largest semiconductor silicon wafer manufacturer and supplier, and became the third largest silicon wafer supplier.
2. Taiwan Wafer Works
The wafer factory provides customers with various wafer solutions through vertically integrated single crystal ingots, polishing and Epi wafer production lines.
The main products are semiconductor silicon wafer materials, silicon wafer materials for solar cells and sapphire substrates for the LED industry.
3. Episil
On March 21, 2018, Jiajing Chairman Xu Jianhua said that the client demand for Jiajing is very strong, and there are too many follow-up orders to meet the demand. The orders for automotive, mining, and data centers are particularly strong. Some customers even require long-term contracts to guarantee production capacity.
Jiajing expanded its production capacity at the beginning of this year. The new capacity will be produced in the second quarter, and the subsequent expansion will also focus on niche products.
Detailed introduction to silicon wafer companies in mainland China
1. Shanghai Xinsheng
The company is a joint-stock company of Shanghai Xinyang, mainly engaged in the research and development, production and sales of high-quality semiconductor silicon wafers at 40nm-28nm nodes.
The company's 300mm large silicon wafers made a breakthrough in 2017. Since the second quarter, it has provided positive films to chip foundries such as SMIC for verification, and achieved sales of products such as baffles, companion films, and test films that year.
At present, the company's certification work is going smoothly and sales of some products have been achieved.
In 2017, the company's revenue was 24.7 million yuan, and its net profit loss was -25.88 million yuan.
The company has a total investment of 6.8 billion yuan, with a total investment of 2.3 billion yuan in the first phase. It is committed to building a production base for 300 mm semiconductor silicon wafers, realizing the localization of 300 mm semiconductor silicon wafers, and fully meeting the urgent requirements of China's extremely large-scale integrated circuit industry for silicon substrate basic materials.
After the first phase of Xinsheng Semiconductor is put into operation, the monthly production capacity is expected to be 150,000 12-inch silicon wafers, and eventually it will form a production capacity of 600,000 300mm silicon wafers/month, with an annual output value of 6 billion yuan.
Xinsheng will be in line with world-class technology and reach the world's advanced level.
2.AST Super Silicon
The company is mainly engaged in silicon wafer manufacturing, sapphire manufacturing, and artificial crystal growth.
The company currently owns two companies, Shanghai Super Silicon and Chongqing Super Silicon. Shanghai Super Silicon was established in July 2008, with 50 mu of land and about 30,000 square meters of factory buildings;
Chongqing Super Silicon was established in June 2014, with 400 mu of land, about 130,000 square meters of first-phase buildings, and a production capacity of 500,000 pieces per month.
The company's silicon wafers cover all mainstream sizes, including 150mm, 200mm, 300mm, and 450mm.
At the same time, the company has a wide range of technologies, including epitaxial wafers, high resistivity wafers, COP free wafers, ultra-thin wafers, and SOI production technologies.
3. Zhonghuan Holdings
The main business revolves around silicon materials, focusing on the research and development and production of single crystal silicon. The application areas of the products include integrated circuits, consumer electronics, new energy business and other industries.
In 2017, the company successfully realized the industrialization of large-diameter zone-melting silicon single crystal technology, and continued to maintain the industry's top three position in the global zone-melting single crystal products;
5-6 inch zone-melting silicon polishing wafers increased rapidly, with a global leading market share;
actively expanded the production scale of 8-inch silicon polishing wafers, and it is expected to achieve a production and sales scale of 300,000 pieces/month in the fourth quarter of 2018;
at the same time, by investing US$3 billion to start the 8-12 inch polishing wafer project for integrated circuits and power devices, the company concentrated the resources of all shareholders and laid a solid foundation for the company's semiconductor industry upgrade.
4. Zhejiang Jinruihong Technology Co., Ltd.
Zhejiang Jinruihong Technology Co., Ltd. is a high-tech enterprise dedicated to the research and development and production of semiconductor materials. It is a semiconductor enterprise with a complete industrial chain of silicon single crystal ingots, silicon grinding wafers, silicon polishing wafers, silicon epitaxial wafers, and chip manufacturing.
It has a complete 4-inch, 5-inch, 6-inch and 8-inch silicon wafer product structure, forming the characteristics of integrated circuits and discrete devices, lightly doped and heavily doped, polished wafers and epitaxial wafers.
The annual production capacity of silicon wafers reaches nearly 8 million pieces, and it can produce more than 5,000 types of silicon wafer products with technical specifications.
In 2010, it took the lead in undertaking the major national science and technology project of "Extremely Large Scale Integrated Circuit Manufacturing Equipment and Complete Process", and passed the national acceptance in May 2017. It has the large-scale industrialization capacity of producing 120,000 8-inch silicon wafers per month and has mastered the core technology of 12-inch silicon wafers.
In 2009, the company took the lead in breaking the situation that China's 8-inch silicon wafers were completely dependent on imports and officially sold 8-inch silicon wafers.
It has several core technologies with independent intellectual property rights and unique technical know-how, including reduced pressure nitrogen-filled CZ silicon single crystals, trace germanium-doped CZ silicon single crystals, and heavily doped phosphorus, boron, antimony, and arsenic silicon single crystal complete set technology.
The company is a stable supplier of internationally renowned semiconductor companies such as ONSEMI, AOS, TOSHIBA, and NXP, and is also an important supplier to major domestic semiconductor companies such as SMIC, Hua Hong Semiconductor, China Resources Shanghua, AVIC Microelectronics, and Hangzhou Silan Microelectronics.
5. Shandong Youyan Semiconductor Materials Co., Ltd.
On July 26, 2018, Shandong Youyan Semiconductor Materials Co., Ltd. settled in Dezhou. It is a large silicon wafer project invested by Youyan Semiconductor Materials Co., Ltd.
The project has been selected into the list of key construction projects in Shandong Province in 2019 and the major project database for the transformation of new and old kinetic energy in Shandong Province.
The total investment of the project is 8 billion yuan and it will be constructed in two phases.
The total investment in the first phase of the construction project is 1.8 billion yuan, which is divided into two parts. One is to relocate the old production lines in Beijing (including 8-inch and 6-inch production lines), and the other is to build a new production line with an annual output of 1.8 million 8-inch silicon wafers.
The first phase of the project started in March 2019, and the pile foundation construction is currently underway. It is scheduled to be put into production at the end of 2020. After
the project reaches full production, it can produce 2.76 million 8-inch silicon wafers, 1.8 million 6-inch silicon wafers, and 300 tons of large-diameter silicon single crystals annually.
The second phase of the project plans to invest 6.2 billion yuan to build an annual production capacity of 3.6 million 12-inch silicon wafers. Construction will start early next year and be completed and put into production by the end of 2021.
6. Ningxia Yinhe Semiconductor Technology Co., Ltd.
Ningxia Yinhe Semiconductor Technology Co., Ltd. was established on December 14, 2015 and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Hangzhou SMIC Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
On April 12, 2016, Ningxia Yinhe Semiconductor Technology Co., Ltd. started construction with a total investment of 3.1 billion yuan.
On July 6, 2017, the first phase of the project with an annual output of 1.8 million 8-inch silicon wafers was officially completed and put into production.
On March 18, 2018, the second phase of the project with a total investment of 6 billion yuan started. After completion, the project will be able to produce 4.2 million 8-inch silicon wafers and 2.4 million 12-inch silicon wafers annually.
7. Zhengzhou Hejing Silicon Materials Co., Ltd.
Zhengzhou Hejing Silicon Material Co., Ltd. was established on February 23, 2017 and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Shanghai Hejing Silicon Material Co., Ltd.
The total planned investment for the Zhengzhou Hejing project is RMB 5.7 billion.
The project will be implemented in two phases. The first phase will invest RMB 1.2 billion to build a monthly production capacity of 200,000 8-inch silicon wafers, and the second phase will invest RMB 4.5 billion to build a monthly production capacity of 200,000 12-inch silicon wafers and 70,000 epitaxial wafers.
The construction of the first phase started on July 27, 2017, the pulling of the first 200mm single crystal silicon rod was completed on June 25, 2018, and the first phase of the 200mm silicon single crystal production line was fully completed and put into production on October 26, 2018.
Note:
Since Taiwan Hi-Tech Corporation does not yet have the ability to produce 12-inch silicon wafers, it is estimated that the road to the second phase of 12-inch production is still very long.
8. Anhui Yixin Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
After years of independent research and development, Yixin Semiconductor has successfully developed my country's first 12-inch semiconductor-grade single crystal silicon crystal growth furnace and fully automatic control system, and has mastered the world's leading large-diameter single crystal silicon rod growth technology and silicon wafer industrialization experience.
In December 2015, the 12-inch chip-level monocrystalline silicon wafer independently developed by Yixin Semiconductor passed the inspection of the National Nonferrous Metals and Electronic Materials Analysis and Testing Center. The core parameters of the sample products passed the test and the relevant indicators reached international standards.
In July 2017, the first phase of Yixin Semiconductor's project achieved mass production of eight 12-inch monocrystalline silicon rod production lines, with an annual output of 170 tons of 12-inch monocrystalline silicon rods (finished products).
Although Yixin Semiconductor has mastered the technology for growing large-diameter single crystal silicon rods, it does not yet have the ability to cut, grind and polish. The company is actively raising funds to build cutting, grinding and polishing capacity.
9.Xi'an Eswin Silicon Wafer Technology Co., Ltd.
On December 9, 2017, the Yiswi Silicon Industry Base Project was signed.
Xi'an High-tech Zone, Beijing Core Energy Company and Beijing Yiswi Company jointly signed a letter of intent for investment cooperation in the Silicon Industry Base Project.
According to the letter of intent, the total investment of the project is 11 billion yuan, and it is expected that after reaching full production, it will form a monthly production capacity of 500,000 12-inch silicon wafers;
the ultimate goal is to achieve a monthly production capacity of 1 million pieces.
On February 9, 2018, the project undertaking unit Xi'an Eswin Silicon Wafer Technology Co., Ltd. was established. It is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Xi'an Eswin Materials Technology Co., Ltd., and Xi'an Eswin Materials Technology Co., Ltd. is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Beijing Eswin Technology Co., Ltd.
On July 7, 2018, he attended the "Xi'an 2018 Second Batch of Major Projects to Expand Effective Investment" commencement ceremony.
On January 17, 2019, the No. 1 production plant and the No. 2 crystal pulling plant were successfully capped; on
July 15, the 110KV substation used in the project was put into operation, and the equipment will begin online debugging, marking the countdown to the project's commissioning.
10. Sichuan Jinglüe Changfeng Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
On March 22, 2018, Sichuan Jinglue Changfeng Semiconductor Co., Ltd. started construction of its 8/12-inch silicon wafer project.
The project is divided into two phases, with the first phase scheduled to be completed within a year.
After reaching full production, it will have a monthly production capacity of 100,000 8-inch and 400,000 12-inch silicon wafers.
According to the information in "The First Public Announcement of the Environmental Impact Assessment of the 8/12-inch Silicon Wafer Product Project for Integrated Circuits of Sichuan Jinglüe Changfeng Semiconductor Co., Ltd.", the total investment of the project is 5 billion yuan, and the investor is Shenzhen Jinglüe Changfeng Investment Management Co., Ltd.
In March 2019, discussions on the design and budget of the 110KV substation for the project began.
11. Guangxi Qishi Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
On September 12, 2018, Guangxi Qishi Semiconductor Co., Ltd.'s 12-inch large silicon wafer project for annual production of 14.4 million integrated circuits (China-Malaysia large silicon wafer project) settled in Qinzhou, Guangxi.
As one of the domestic economic cooperation projects signed at the 15th China-ASEAN Expo, the China-Malaysia Large Silicon Wafer Project was settled in the China-Malaysia Qinzhou Industrial Park, with a total investment of US$3 billion, mainly to build a 12-inch large silicon wafer production line.
The project is planned to be built in three phases, with a total investment of US$1 billion in the first phase to build four production lines with an annual output of 4.8 million 12-inch large silicon wafers.
According to investigation, Guangxi Qishi Semiconductor Co., Ltd. was established on May 29, 2018. The chairman is Jin Chengmo and the general manager is CHO KWAN SIK.
The investor is Shenzhen Qishi Investment Co., Ltd., which was established on August 21, 2018.
(Note:
There is a great deal of uncertainty in this project.
)
12. Sinotek (Jiaxing) Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
On January 19, 2019, Zhongjing signed a contract with Jiaxing Science and Technology City for the large silicon wafer project, with a total investment of 11 billion yuan and an annual output of
12 million 12-inch large silicon wafers. The project will be built in two phases, with an investment of 6 billion yuan in the first phase, with an annual output of 4.8 million 12-inch large silicon wafers.
It is reported that the project signed a land transfer contract on February 28, 2019, obtained a construction project construction permit on April 12 and started construction.
As of the end of June 2019, the Zhongjing large silicon wafer project has invested 430 million yuan in construction, of which 339 million yuan was invested in equipment.
The pile foundation projects of each factory building have been completed. It is estimated that the first phase of civil construction will be basically completed in December 2019. The factory building decoration will start in 2020. In July 2020, the first phase of the project will be completed and put into use. The entire project is expected to be completed in June 2024.
In July 2019, it was listed in the first batch of special major industrial projects in Zhejiang Province in 2019.
13. Investment by Jiangsu Ruixinjing Semiconductor Technology Co., Ltd.
The project was signed in March 2019, with a planned initial total investment of approximately US$300 million to build a monthly production capacity of 100,000 12-inch semiconductor silicon wafers.
14.Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation
SMIC Global was established in July 2019 and is currently negotiating silicon wafer projects in many locations.
The company has close ties with Quanxin Integrated Circuit Manufacturing (Jinan) Co., Ltd.
Zhong Xiongying, general manager of SMIC Global, is the chairman of Quanxin Integrated Circuit, and Cao Shan, deputy general manager of SMIC Global, is the general manager of Quanxin Integrated Circuit.
15. Jinan Large Silicon Wafer Project
Jinan, the capital of Shandong Province, has always been obsessed with the large silicon wafer project.
From 2018 to 2019, it organized several large silicon wafer project certification meetings.
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