Image acquisition is the most critical part of the security and surveillance video chain. This is because the ability to process the image signal to extract useful information from the video stream is closely related to the quality of the acquired image, which may seem esoteric, but is essentially a combination of the quality of the sensor and the quality of the processing of the sensor output. The trend in security surveillance systems is to migrate the image processing function to the edge of the network - that is, to the camera, close to the sensor. Flexibility and efficiency are the highest goals in the product development cycle. This article explores the integration of microcontrollers and signal processing units for CMOS image sensors in FPGAs. By their nature, FPGAs and microcontrollers are quite flexible, but the question is whether using these components will result in an efficient design? In general, a simple rule is that replacing a standard microcontroller with an FPGA will not produce a cost-effective alternative. The FPGA solution becomes more attractive only when the boundary conditions of the design cannot be met by integrating peripherals in the microcontroller, such as the number of PWM channels, counters/timers or the number of I/O ports.
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