6.4 Closed-loop design of switching power supply From the basic concept of feedback, we know that when the amplifier is in deep negative feedback, if the input remains unchanged, the influence of circuit parameter changes, load changes or interference on the output is reduced. The deeper the feedback, the smaller the output error caused by interference. However, in deep feedback, if the feedback loop adds a phase shift of 180° at a certain frequency, and the output signal is equal to the input signal, self-oscillation will occur. The switching power supply is different from the general amplifier. The amplifier adds negative feedback in order to have enough passband, enough stable gain, reduce interference and reduce linear and nonlinear distortion. If the switching power supply is to be equivalent to an amplifier, the input signal is the reference voltage Uref. Generally speaking, the reference voltage is constant; the feedback network is a sampling circuit, generally a voltage divider. When the output voltage and the reference are constant, the sampling circuit voltage divider ratio (kv) is also fixed (Uo=kvUref). The switching power supply is different from the amplifier. The internal (switching frequency) and external interference (input power supply and load changes) are very serious. The purpose of the closed-loop design is not only to have a strong suppression ability for the above internal and external interferences to ensure static accuracy, but also to have a good dynamic response. For the constant voltage output switching power supply, in terms of its feedback topology, the input signal (reference) is equivalent to the input voltage of the amplifier, and the voltage divider is the feedback network, which is a voltage series negative feedback. If the constant current output is a current series negative feedback. If it is a constant voltage output, the voltage is sampled and the closed loop stabilizes the output voltage. Therefore, first select a stable reference voltage, usually 5~6V or 2.5V, requiring extremely small dynamic resistance and temperature drift. Secondly, the open-loop gain is required to be high, so that the feedback is deep feedback, and the output voltage is not affected by the power supply voltage and load (interference) and the switching frequency ripple is suppressed. Generally, the power circuit, filter and PWM generation circuit have low gain, and only op amps (error amplifiers) can be used to obtain high gain. In addition, since the output filter has two poles and the maximum phase shift is 180°, if the op amp is directly added to form feedback, it is easy to self-oscillate, so phase compensation is required. According to different circuit conditions, three types of compensation amplifiers can be used. The compensation result should meet the steady-state requirements and obtain good transient response, while being able to suppress low-frequency ripple and attenuate high-frequency components. 6.4.1 Overview...
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