Programmable Controller Technology and Application Electronic Courseware: Chapter 1 Basic Knowledge of Programmable Controller 1.1 Overview Programmable Controller (PC) is abbreviated as PC. It was developed on the basis of relay control and computer control, and gradually developed into a new type of industrial automatic control device with microprocessor as the core, integrating automation technology, computer technology and communication technology. It is widely used in the automatic control of various production machinery and production processes. At present, programmable controller has become the most important and most widely used control device in the field of industrial automation. Description: Production machinery: Mechanical equipment: Machine tools (lathes/planers/grinders), automatic welding machines. Production process: Automatic production line: Home appliances/automobiles/steel. Programmable controllers are indispensable in life. Traffic lights at intersections/neon lights at night/elevators in shopping malls and hotels/music fountains. The status of programmable controllers Three pillars of industrial production automation: Programmable controllers First Robot Computer-aided design and manufacturing At present, programmable controllers have become the most important and most widely used control devices in the field of industrial automation. The depth and breadth of their application have become a symbol of measuring the degree of industrial automation in a country. 1.1.1 Origin of programmable controller Development of electrical automatic control system: Relay-contactor control system Sequential control device composed of semiconductor logic components Computer control system Programmable controller control system Relay-contactor control system Time: 1930s Concept: A control system composed of various relays, contactors, switches and contacts connected by wires according to a certain logical relationship. Features: The advantages are low price, low maintenance technology requirements, and suitable for occasions with fixed working modes and simple control requirements. The disadvantages are that the wiring connection of the system is not suitable for updating, the function is not suitable for expansion, and the reliability is not high. For complex control systems, it is difficult to find and troubleshoot faults; when products are updated and production processes change, the components and wiring of the relay control system must also be changed accordingly. This change is very labor-intensive, long-term, and expensive. Sequential control device composed of semiconductor logic components Time: Early 1960s Concept: A logical controller composed of semiconductor diodes, triodes and small and medium-scale integrated circuits. Features: The advantages are small size, no contacts, high reliability, and convenient change of action sequence. The disadvantages are small control scale (the number of input and output points does not exceed 64 points) and insufficient flexibility in programming.
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