In actual projects, there is often a large amount of widely distributed field data that needs to be collected and transmitted remotely. Data acquisition and transmission systems have played a significant role in realizing automation. However, there are still problems such as few acquisition channels, low speed, inflexible data transmission methods, complex operations, and high requirements for the test environment. How to establish a new generation of flexible, efficient, high-speed, multi-channel, practical, wide-coverage, and adaptable to complex monitoring environments data acquisition and transmission systems has become an important engineering issue. With the development and progress of society, the deterioration of the environment and ecology has become increasingly obvious, threatening human survival and development. Environmental monitoring is an important part and basic work of environmental protection. In 2008, the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China formulated the \"Technical Requirements Standard for Online Automatic Monitoring (Monitoring) Data Acquisition and Transmission Instruments for Pollution Sources\". Based on the analysis of the research status and development trend of data acquisition and transmission systems, this paper studies a data acquisition and transmission system for environmental monitoring that is compatible with multiple signal standards and has multiple optional acquisition channels in accordance with this standard. The topic comes from the scientific research project commissioned by Jinan Continental Electromechanical Co., Ltd. (Project No.: W0624). This paper mainly carries out the following work: (1) Analyze the significance of studying data acquisition and transmission systems. Investigate the research status and development trend of data acquisition and transmission systems. Analyze the characteristics of the data acquisition and transmission system for environmental monitoring. (2) Based on the \"Technical Requirements Standard for Online Automatic Monitoring (Monitoring) Data Acquisition and Transmission Instruments for Pollution Sources\" formulated by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, analyze the special functional requirements of the data acquisition and transmission system for environmental monitoring, and formulate the system technical parameters. In order to solve the problems of poor interface shock resistance and system instability in the system core board and functional board architecture, a system architecture of the functional main board and the expansion interface board is proposed. The ARM9 processor S3C2440 and the embedded Linux operating system are selected. (3) With the goal of developing a data acquisition and transmission system that meets environmental protection standards, the system hardware design and production are carried out. Analyze the address space of the system. Analyze the system\'s expansion interface allocation and address space allocation in detail to avoid conflicts in hardware resources such as the bus. Based on the bus expansion interface and GPIO expansion interface of the system functional main board, the circuits of functional units such as the switch quantity acquisition unit, switch quantity output unit, serial port unit, analog quantity acquisition unit, and human-computer interaction unit are expanded. The printed circuit board is designed and produced. (4) Study the embedded Linux development process and analyze the embedded Linux driver and application architecture. Construct a cross-embedded Linux development environment. We developed software for specific functional units of the data acquisition and transmission system for environmental monitoring, mainly developing driver applications for bus operation, analog quantity acquisition, RS-232 serial port data transmission, GPRS data transmission, and RS-485 communication of intelligent instruments.
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