TABLE OF CONTENTSParagraphNumberTitle PageNumber1.1 Integer Unit User Programming Model . . 1-21.1.1 Data Registers (D7 – D0) . . . 1-21.1.2 Address Registers (A7 – A0) . 1-21.1.3 Program Counter . . . . . 1-31.1.4 Condition Code Register . . . . 1-31.2 Floating-Point Unit User Programming Model 1-41.2.1 Floating-Point Data Registers (FP7 – FP0) . 1-41.2.2 Floating-Point Control Register (FPCR) 1-51.2.2.1 Exception Enable Byte . . . . 1-51.2.2.2 Mode Control Byte . . 1-51.2.3 Floating-Point Status Register (FPSR) 1-51.2.3.1 Floating-Point Condition Code Byte . 1-51.2.3.2 Quotient Byte . . . . . . 1-61.2.3.3 Exception Status Byte . . . . . 1-61.2.3.4 Accrued Exception Byte . . . 1-71.2.4 Floating-Point Instruction Address Register (FPIAR) . 1-81.3 Supervisor Programming Model 1-81.3.1 Address Register 7 (A7) . . . 1-101.3.2 Status Register . . . . . 1-101.3.3 Vector Base Register (VBR) 1-111.3.4 Alternate Function Code Registers (SFC and DFC) . 1-111.3.5 Acu Status Register (MC68EC030 only) . . 1-111.3.6 Transparent Translation/access Control Registers . . 1-121.3.6.1 Transparent Translation/access Control Register Fields for theM68030 . . 1-121.3.6.2 Transparent Translation/access Control Register Fields for theM68040 . . 1-131.4 Integer Data Formats . . 1-141.5 Floating-Point Data Formats . 1-151.5.1 Packed Decimal Real Format . . . . . . 1-151.5.2 Binary Floating-Point Formats . . . . . . 1-161.6 Floating-Point Data Types . . . 1-171.6.1 Normalized Numbers . 1-181.6.2 Denormalized Numbers . . . . 1-181.6.3 Zeros . 1-191.6.4 Infinities 1-191.6.5 Not-A-Numbers . . . . . 1-191.6.6 Data Format and Type Summary . . . 1-201.7 Organization of Data in Registers . . . . 1-251.7.1 Organization of Integer Data Formats in Registers . . 1-251.7.2 Organization of Integer Data Formats in Memory . . . 1-271.7.3 Organization of Fpu Data Formats in Registers and Memory . . . . . . 1-30Section 2Addressing Capabilities2.1 Instruction Format . . . . . 2-12.2 Effective Addressing Modes . . . 2-42.2.1 Data Register Direct Mode . . 2-52.2.2 Address Register Direct Mode 2-52.2.3 Address Register Indirect Mode . . . . . 2-52.2.4 Address Register Indirect with Postincrement Mode. . 2-62.2.5 Address Register Indirect with Predecrement Mode . . 2-72.2.6 Address Register Indirect with Displacement Mode . . 2-82.2.7 Address Register Indirect with Index (8-Bit Displacement) Mode . . . . 2-92.2.8 Address Register Indirect with Index (Base Displacement) Mode. . . 2-102.2.9 Memory Indirect Postindexed Mode . 2-112.2.10 Memory Indirect Preindexed Mode . . 2-122.2.11 Program Counter Indirect with Displacement Mode . 2-132.2.12 Program Counter Indirect with Index (8-Bit Displacement) Mode . . . 2-142.2.13 Program Counter Indirect with Index (Base Displacement) Mode. . . 2-152.2.14 Program Counter Memory Indirect Postindexed Mode . . . . 2-162.2.15 Program Counter Memory Indirect Preindexed Mode 2-172.2.16 Absolute Short Addressing Mode . . . 2-182.2.17 Absolute Long Addressing Mode . . . . 2-182.2.18 Immediate Data . . . . . 2-192.3 Effective Addressing Mode Summary . 2-192.4 Brief Extension Word Format Compatibility . 2-212.5 Full Extension Addressing Modes . . . . 2-222.5.1 No Memory Indirect Action Mode . . . 2-242.5.2 Memory Indirect Modes . . . . 2-252.5.2.1 Memory Indirect with Preindex . . . . 2-252.5.2.2 Memory Indirect with Postindex . . . 2-262.5.2.3 Memory Indirect with Index Suppressed. 2-272.6 Other Data Structures . 2-282.6.1 System Stack 2-282.6.2 Queues 2-29Section 3Instruction Set Summary3.1 Instruction Summary . . . 3-13.1.1 Data Movement Instructions . 3-53.1.2 Integer Arithmetic Instructions 3-63.1.3 Logical Instructions . . . 3-83.1.4 Shift and Rotate Instructions . 3-83.1.5 Bit Manipulation Instructions 3-103.1.6 Bit Field Instructions . 3-103.1.7 Binary-Coded Decimal Instructions . . 3-113.1.8 Program Control Instructions 3-113.1.9 System Control Instructions . 3-123.1.10 Cache Control Instructions (MC68040) 3-143.1.11 Multiprocessor Instructions . 3-143.1.12 Memory Management Unit (MMU) Instructions. . . . . 3-153.1.13 Floating-Point Arithmetic Instructions 3-153.2 Integer Unit Condition Code Computation . . 3-173.3 Instruction Examples . . 3-203.3.1 Using the Cas and Cas2 Instructions 3-203.3.2 Using the Moves Instruction 3-203.3.3 Nested Subroutine Calls . . . 3-203.3.4 Bit Field Instructions . 3-203.3.5 Pipeline Synchronization with the Nop Instruction. . . 3-213.4 Floating-Point Instruction Details . . . . . 3-213.5 Floating-Point Computational Accuracy 3-233.5.1 Intermediate Result . . 3-243.5.2 Rounding the Result . 3-253.6 Floating-Point Postprocessing 3-273.6.1 Underflow, Round, Overflow 3-283.6.2 Conditional Testing . . 3-283.7 Instruction Des criptions 3-328.1 Instruction Format 8-18.1.1 Coprocessor ID Field. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-18.1.2 Effective Address Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-18.1.3 Register/Memory Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-18.1.4 Source Specifier Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-18.1.5 Destination Register Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-28.1.6 Conditional Predicate Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-28.1.7 Shift and Rotate Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-28.1.7.1 Count Register Field. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-28.1.7.2 Register Field . 8-28.1.8 Size Field . . . . . . 8-48.1.9 Opmode Field . . 8-48.1.10 Address/Data Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-48.2 Operation Code Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4Appendix AProcessor Instruction SummaryA.1 MC68000, MC68008, MC68010 Processors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-12A.1.1 M68000, MC68008, and MC68010 Instruction Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-12A.1.2 MC68000, MC68008, and MC68010 Addressing Modes . . . . . . . . . A-16A.2 MC68020 Processors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-17A.2.1 MC68020 Instruction Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-17A.2.2 MC68020 Addressing Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-20A.3 MC68030 Processors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-21A.3.1 MC68030 Instruction Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-21A.3.2 MC68030 Addressing Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-24A.4 MC68040 Processors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-25A.4.1 MC68040 Instruction Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-25A.4.2 MC68040 Addressing Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-29A.5 MC68881/MC68882 Coprocessors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-30A.5.1 MC68881/MC68882 Instruction Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-30A.5.2 MC68881/MC68882 Addressing Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-31A.6 MC68851 Coprocessors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-31A.6.1 MC68851 Instruction Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-31A.6.2 MC68851 Addressing Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-31Appendix BException Processing ReferenceB.1 Exception Vector Assignments for the M68000 Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1B.2 Exception Stack Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3B.3 Floating-Point Stack Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-10ParagraphNumberTitle PageNumberAppendix CS-Record Output FormatC.1 S-Record Content . C-1C.2 S-Record Types . . C-2C.3 S-Record Creation C-3LIST OF FIGURESFigureNumberTitle PageNumber1-1 M68000 Family User Programming Model 1-21-2 M68000 Family Floating-Point Unit User Programming Model... 1-41-3 Floating-Point Control Register ......... 1-51-4 FPSR Condition Code Byte. 1-61-5 FPSR Quotient Code Byte 1-61-6 FPSR Exception Status Byte ............ 1-61-7 FPSR Accrued Exception Byte ......... 1-71-8 Status Register.. 1-111-9 MC68030 Transparent Translation/MC68EC030 AccessControl Register Format.. 1-121-10 MC68040 and MC68LC040 Transparent Translation/MC68EC040Access Control Register Format ..... 1-131-11 Packed Decimal Real Format ......... 1-161-12 Binary Floating-Point Data Formats 1-161-13 Normalized Number Format............ 1-181-14 Denormalized Number Format........ 1-181-15 Zero Format ...... 1-191-16 Infinity Format ... 1-191-17 Not-A-Number Format..... 1-191-19 Organization of Integer Data Formats in Address Registers..... 1-261-18 Organization of Integer Data Formats in Data Registers .......... 1-261-20 Memory Operand Addressing ......... 1-271-21 Memory Organization for Integer Operands......... 1-291-22 Organization of FPU Data Formats in Memory.... 1-302-1 Instruction Word General Format...... 2-12-2 Instruction Word Specification Formats ... 2-22-3 M68000 Family Brief Extension Word Formats.... 2-212-4 Addressing Array Items... 2-232-5 No Memory Indirect Action 2-242-6 Memory Indirect with Preindex........ 2-262-7 Memory Indirect with Postindex ..... 2-272-8 Memory Indirect with Index Suppress... 2-273-1 Intermediate Result Format 3-243-2 Rounding Algorithm Flowchart........ 3-263-3 Instruction Des cription Format ........ 3-33B-1 MC68000 Group 1 and 2 Exception Stack Frame .B-3B-2 MC68000 Bus or Address Error Exception Stack Frame............B-3B-3 Four-Word Stack Frame, Format $0 .B-3B-4 Throwaway Four-Word Stack Frame, Format $1...B-3LIST OF FIGURES (Concluded)B-5 Six-Word Stack Frame, Format $2....B-4B-6 MC68040 Floating-Point Post-Instruction Stack Frame, Format $3...B-4B-7 MC68EC040 and MC68LC040 Floating-Point UnimplementedStack Frame, Format $4 ...B-5B-8 MC68040 Access Error Stack Frame, Format $7 .B-5B-9 MC68010 Bus and Address Error Stack Frame, Format $8 ......B-6B-10 MC68020 Bus and MC68030 Coprocessor Mid-InstructionStack Frame, Format $9 ...B-6B-11 MC68020 and MC68030 Short Bus Cycle Stack Frame, Format $A.B-7B-12 MC68020 and MC68030 Long Bus Cycle Stack Frame, Format $B.B-8B-13 CPU32 Bus Error for Prefetches and Operands Stack Frame, Format $C.....B-8B-14 CPU32 Bus Error on MOVEM Operand Stack Frame, Format $C ...B-9B-15 CPU32 Four- and Six-Word Bus Error Stack Frame, Format $C......B-9B-16 MC68881/MC68882 and MC68040 Null Stack FrameB-10B-17 MC68881 Idle Stack Frame ...........B-10B-18 MC68881 Busy Stack Frame .........B-11B-19 MC68882 Idle Stack Frame ............B-11B-20 MC68882 Busy Stack Frame ..........B-11B-21 MC68040 Idle Busy Stack Frame ...B-12B-22 MC68040 Unimplimented Instruction Stack Frame.....B-12B-23 MC68040 Busy Stack Frame ..........B-13C-1 Five Fields of an S-RecordC-1C-2 Transmission of an S1 Record..........C-4LIST OF TABLESTableNumberTitle PageNumber1-1 Supervisor Registers Not Related To Paged Memory Management 1-91-2 Supervisor Registers Related To Paged Memory Management..... 1-101-3 Integer Data Formats ..... 1-151-4 Single-Precision Real Format Summary Data Format 1-211-5 Double-Precision Real Format Summary............ 1-221-6 Extended-Precision Real Format Summary........ 1-231-6 Extended-Precision Real Format Summary (Continued)......... 1-241-7 Packed Decimal Real Format Summary 1-241-8 MC68040 FPU Data Formats and Data Types ... 1-302-1 Instruction Word Format Field Definitions 2-32-2 IS-I/IS Memory Indirect Action Encodings 2-42-3 Immediate Operand Location......... 2-192-4 Effective Addressing Modes and Categories ...... 2-203-1 Notational Conventions .... 3-23-1 Notational Conventions (Continued) 3-33-1 Notational Conventions (Concluded) . 3-43-2 Data Movement Operation Format... 3-63-3 Integer Arithmetic Operation Format 3-73-4 Logical Operation Format. 3-83-5 Shift and Rotate Operation Format .. 3-93-6 Bit Manipulation Operation Format 3-103-7 Bit Field Operation Format 3-103-8 Binary-Coded Decimal Operation Format........... 3-113-9 Program Control Operation Format 3-123-10 System Control Operation Format . 3-133-11 Cache Control Operation Format... 3-143-12 Multiprocessor Operations 3-143-13 MMU Operation Format . 3-153-14 Dyadic Floating-Point Operation Format 3-163-15 Dyadic Floating-Point Operations .. 3-163-16 Monadic Floating-Point Operation Format .......... 3-163-17 Monadic Floating-Point Operations 3-173-18 Integer Unit Condition Code Computations......... 3-183-19 Conditional Tests ........... 3-193-20 Operation Table Example (FADD Instruction)..... 3-223-21 FPCR Encodings............ 3-253-22 FPCC Encodings............ 3-293-23 Floating-Point Conditional Tests .... 3-315-1 Directly Supported Floating-Point Instructions ...... 5-25-2 Indirectly Supported Floating-Point Instructions.... 5-3LIST OF TABLES (Continued)7-1 MC68020 Instructions Not Supported 7-17-2 M68000 Family Addressing Modes.. 7-27-3 CPU32 Instruction Set...... 7-38-1 Conditional Predicate Field Encoding 8-38-2 Operation Code Map........ 8-4A-1 M68000 Family Instruction Set And Processor Cross-Reference.....A-1A-2 M68000 Family Instruction Set.........A-8A-3 MC68000 and MC68008 Instruction SetA-12A-4 MC68010 Instruction SetA-14A-5 MC68000, MC68008, and MC68010 Data Addressing ModesA-16A-6 MC68020 Instruction Set Summary .A-17A-7 MC68020 Data Addressing Modes A-20A-8 MC68030 Instruction Set Summary .A-21A-9 MC68030 Data Addressing Modes A-24A-10 MC68040 Instruction SetA-25A-11 MC68040 Data Addressing Modes A-29A-12 MC68881/MC68882 Instruction Set.A-30A-13 MC68851 Instruction SetA-31B-1 Exception Vector Assignments for the M68000 FamilyB-2C-1 Field Composition of an S-Record ...C-1C-2 ASCII Code .C-5
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