Practical Design Tips to Avoid PCB Design Limiting Class D Amplifier Performance: PCB design can limit the performance or reduce the reliability of a Class D amplifier if some basic layout guidelines are not followed. Some good PC board layout practices for Class D amplifiers are described below. The STA517B (175 watts per channel) digital power amplifier with two BTL outputs is used as an example, but the basic concepts are the same for all Class D amplifiers. A good ground plane is the key to a good Class D amplifier layout. If possible, use the bottom layer of the board as a dedicated ground plane. A full ground plane provides the best performance and most reliable design. If you have to run signal or power traces on the bottom layer of the board, keep them as short as possible. If necessary, to keep the bottom layer traces short, route the traces back to the top layer of the board to avoid long runs on the bottom layer. Use vias to connect top layer devices to the bottom layer ground plane. However, vias still block current flow back to the ground plane, so use these vias judiciously. Copper the area directly under the amplifier. If the amplifier has an exposed pad or plug-in on the bottom of its package, the IC must be soldered to the ground under the amplifier, which can serve as a heat dissipation area for the amplifier. In this case, the ground must be led out from the bottom of the IC to both sides to ensure that it is exposed. The ground under the amplifier must be punched with many vias to dissipate heat to the bottom layer of the circuit board through the vias, so it can also serve as a heat dissipation area.
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