Introduction to Microphone Introduction to Microphone (I) 1. Acoustic structure of resident microphone unit: [pic] [pic] 2. Working principle: [pic] The resident is a dielectric that can maintain a polarized state for a long time. This dielectric is a high molecular polymer, and its working principle is capacitive: it consists of a vibrating membrane with metal coated on one side and a metal electrode (called back electrode) with a plurality of small holes and a resident film attached to it. The surface of the stabilizing body is opposite to the vibrating membrane, with a very small air gap in the middle, which forms a dielectric capacitor with the air gap and the stabilizing body as insulating media, and the metal layer on the back electrode and the vibrating membrane as two electrodes. A resistor is connected between the two poles of the capacitor, which is the input resistor of the microphone impedance converter or preamplifier. Since there are free charges distributed on the stabilizing body, there is a charge between the two poles of the capacitor. When the sound wave causes the vibrating membrane to vibrate and produce displacement, the capacitance of the capacitor is changed. The change in capacitance causes the output end of the capacitor to generate a corresponding alternating electric field. The alternating electric field acts on R to form an electrical signal corresponding to the sound wave signal, thus completing the function of sub-sound-to-electricity conversion. 3. Features Since the resident microphone works according to the capacitive principle, it has many advantages of capacitive electroacoustic devices, such as wide bandwidth, good sound quality, low distortion, good transient response, and insensitivity to mechanical vibration. 4. Features description and feature design From the structure of the resident microphone, it can be seen as a capacitive pole head formed by the diaphragm and the resident back pole and the impedance converter (PCB group) connected afterwards. Therefore, the performance design of the resident microphone is carried out from two parts. The following takes the main electroacoustic performance of the microphone as an example to explain the relevant design theory. 1. Output impedance The main factor affecting the impedance of the resident microphone is the output impedance of the impedance converter or amplifier. For a resident microphone for a mobile phone, the output impedance of the impedance converter or amplifier is mainly determined by the field effect transistor (FET) connected in parallel with the output terminal...
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