What is a smart antenna? A smart antenna is a bidirectional antenna installed at the base station site. It obtains directivity through a group of fixed antenna units with programmable electronic phase relationships, and can simultaneously obtain the directional characteristics of each link between the base station and the mobile station. The principle of a smart antenna is to direct the radio signal in a specific direction, generate a spatial directional beam, align the main beam of the antenna with the user signal arrival direction DOA (Direction of Arrinal), and align the side lobe or null with the interference signal arrival direction, so as to fully and efficiently utilize the mobile user signal and delete or suppress the interference signal. At the same time, the smart antenna technology utilizes the differences in the spatial characteristics of the signals between each mobile user, and receives and transmits multiple mobile user signals on the same channel through array antenna technology without mutual interference, making the use of radio spectrum and signal transmission more efficient. Without increasing the complexity of the system, the use of smart antennas can meet the needs of service quality and network expansion. At present, most of the antennas of mobile communication base stations are omnidirectional antennas. When paging mobile communication users, they are searched in the entire covered cell, and most of the antenna power and signal strength are consumed in transmission. The new antenna adopts the partition paging method, which is to divide the antenna beam into multiple partitions with different angles. Smart antennas are developed based on the concept of sectorized transmission paths. Smart antennas use advanced technologies to direct radio signals in specific directions, making the use of radio spectrum and signal transmission more efficient. The advanced technologies used are mainly switched beam technology and adaptive spatial digital processing technology. - Smart antennas that use beam switching technology send multiple beams in the direction of users based on sectorization, track mobile users by measuring the signal strength of each beam, and can switch beams one by one when the mobile user moves. Therefore, they are also called switched beam antennas.
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