Battery Potentiometric Analysis 1.1 Basic Principles 1.2 Direct Potentiometric Method 1.3 Potentiometric Titration 1.4 Experiments 1.1 Basic Principles 1.1.1 Overview 1.1.2 Theoretical Basis of Potentiometric Analysis 1.1.3 Reference Electrode 1.1.4 Indicator Electrode 1.1.1 Overview Potentiometric analysis is an important part of electrochemical analysis. Electrochemical analysis is a type of analysis method that uses the electrical and electrochemical properties of substances for analysis. It is an important branch of instrumental analysis. The characteristics of electrochemical analysis are high sensitivity, selectivity and accuracy, and wide application. Since the electrical signal is obtained during the measurement process, it is easy to realize automation, continuous and remote control measurement, especially suitable for online analysis of production processes. With the rapid development of science and technology, electroanalytical chemistry has also made great progress in methods, technologies and applications in recent years, and has shown a booming trend. According to different measurement parameters, electrochemical analysis is mainly divided into potentiometric analysis, coulometric analysis, polarographic analysis, conductivity analysis and electrolytic analysis (this textbook only introduces potentiometric analysis and coulometric analysis). Although these electrochemical analyses are very different in measurement principles, measurement objects and measurement methods, they are all carried out on an electrochemical reaction device, which is an electrochemical cell. 1.1.1.1 Electrochemical Cell An electrochemical cell is an electrochemical reactor that converts chemical energy and electrical energy into each other. It is divided into two categories: primary cells and electrolytic cells. Primary cells can spontaneously convert their own chemical energy into electrical energy, while electrolytic cells require an external power supply to supply electrical energy and then convert electrical energy into chemical energy. Potentiometric analysis is carried out in primary cells, while coulometric analysis, polarographic analysis and electrolytic analysis are carried out in electrolytic cells. Electrochemical cells are composed of two electrodes, a container and an appropriate electrolyte solution. Figure 1-1 is a schematic diagram of a Cu-Zn primary cell; Figure 1-2 is a schematic diagram of a Cu-Zn electrolytic cell.
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