Assembly of electronic energy-saving lamps

1. Electronic ballast-type fluorescent lamps Electronic ballasts for fluorescent lamps came into being in the early 1980s and were first successfully developed by the Dutch company Philips. Because it is more unique in electrical performance compared with traditional inductive ballasts. Therefore, electronic ballasts have strong vitality. The comparison between inductive ballasts and electronic ballasts is shown in Table 1. Table 1. The power factor of inductive ballasts and electronic ballasts is low (generally around 0.5) and high (up to 0.7 or above, which can be achieved with a correction circuit). 0.9 or above) Large power loss (generally about 20% of power loss) Very small (power saving of about 15-20%) Poor low-voltage starting performance (difficult to start below 180v) Very good (can still start normally under 150v) Frequency The flicker effect of 50Hz stroboscopic cannot be overcome and is harmful to the line of sight. Since the operating frequency is above 20KHz, there is no flickering sensation. Audio noise is 50Hz hum. No size. Light weight (only 2/10 of inductive type). High frequency radiation is very small. Large price. Cheap and expensive. Manufacturing process is simple and complex. There are many circuit designs for electronic ballasts for fluorescent lamps. Diversity. Today, with the rapid advancement of science, the design of electronic ballasts for fluorescent lamps is tending to be integrated or modular, with the purpose of making the circuit structure simple. The electrical performance is more reliable, stable and safe. The following introduces an electronic ballast circuit diagram composed of modules and a small number of electronic components. The HD9712 module mainly consists of rectification, current tracking and hierarchical filtering. The power factor, lamp current crest coefficient, and current harmonic content in fluorescent lamp electronic ballasts are collectively referred to as three technical indicators. It is difficult for general fluorescent lamp electronic ballasts to achieve three indicators while meeting the ministerial standards. Electronic ballasts using the HD9712 module can achieve these three indicators and reach the "H" level in the standard. stipulated index requirements. Turn on the power, and the current is input to the "1, 2" pins of the HD9712 circuit through F1 and C1. After rectification, current tracking and hierarchical filtering by the HD9712 circuit, a DC voltage of about 300V is output from pin "3" as the working power supply of the ballast; this voltage is stepped down by R2 and then added to the C3 and D2 sawtooth wave generators. A sawtooth wave pulse is generated through C3 and D2 to trigger the oscillator circuit and make the oscillator start working. After the high-frequency voltage with an operating frequency of 25 to 30KHz is sent to L4 and C4 for boost, the gas in the fluorescent lamp tube is ionized and the lamp is lit. At the same time, a small amount of current passes through C4 to form a loop to assist in heating the filament to maintain stable lighting. R5 is designed to function as a soft starter and extend the life of the lamp. R1 is the overvoltage protection resistor. Figure 2-8-1 Electrical principle diagram of electronic ballast fluorescent lamp 2. Tungsten halogen lamp Halogen tungsten lamp is a new type of light source successfully developed in the late 1980s. It has the characteristics of high luminous efficiency, small size, light weight and long life. In order to effectively promote and apply this new light source with small size and high luminous efficiency, the researchers placed a small halogen tungsten bulb into a cold light cup made of quartz glass. Its shape is shown in Figure 2-8-2. This kind of light source composed of a quartz glass cold light cup and a tungsten halogen bulb is called a "quartz cold light spotlight" (commonly known as a cold light source, or cold light lamp). It has luminescence. The light is beamed, and the angle of the cold light cup can be selected according to needs, and has a range function. Incomparable to ordinary incandescent lamps. Therefore, this kind of spotlight is widely used on the counters of stores and shopping malls. Effect lighting and lighting in the windows. In recent years, due to the improvement of people's living standards, living conditions have continued to improve. Cold light spotlights are becoming more and more popular in homes. In order to make people live and work in peace and contentment, cold light spotlights are also widely used in security products. Since the working voltage of cold light spotlights are ultra-low voltage, 6V, 12V, power 20W, 50W, so in actual use, they must be reduced by a transformer before use. Generally, 50W and 12V inductive transformers are large in size and weight. It's too heavy and not suitable for heavy use in shopping malls. For this reason, scientific and technical personnel have successively introduced an electronic transformer, which has the following characteristics: small size, light weight, low cost, easy to use, etc. Disadvantages include: electromagnetic interference (absorption loops can be added to absorb the interference). Circuit diagram of electronic transformer: (12*8cm) The working principle is basically the same as that of electronic ballast, that is, the output voltage is isolated by a ferrite transformer and then reduced to 12V to light the natural cold light. Figure 2-8-2 Electrical schematic diagram of electronic transformer 3. Description of high-pressure gas discharge lamp: The content of this section does not fall within the scope of "electronic energy-saving lamps". However, the high-pressure gas discharge lamp is a new type of electric light source that is widely used. As a new piece of scientific and technological knowledge, this section will give a brief introduction for teachers' reference. High-pressure sodium lamps, metal halide lamps, dysprosium lamps, xenon lamps, etc. are all high-pressure gas discharge lamps. Two electrode rods are led out of the high-pressure gas discharge lamp bulb and are filled with various chemical elements of different compositions. After being energized and working normally, they emit light of different colors. working electricity