Learn about vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology in one article
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Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) is a general term for vehicle technologies. V2X communication technology can reduce the number of vehicle accidents, thereby reducing related casualties. This technology will also greatly improve traffic management. It is transmitted to the car through an application on the driver's mobile phone, allowing the driver to adjust to a safer and more efficient driving mode. This can reduce harmful CO2 gas emissions and reduce fuel costs, thereby improving the environmental performance of the vehicle.
Let’s take a closer look at this powerful automotive power-assisting technology, Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) .
1. V2X consists of multiple components
1. Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X): A technology that allows vehicles to communicate with moving parts in the surrounding traffic system.
2. Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I): This type of communication allows vehicles to share information with traffic system components such as overhead RFID readers and cameras, traffic lights, lane markings, street lights, signs and parking meters.
3. Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P): Communication between a vehicle and one or more nearby pedestrians.
4. Vehicle-to-Network (V2N): Access and communicate with a cloud-based service network.
5. Cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X): Enables vehicles to communicate with other vehicles, pedestrians or fixed objects such as traffic lights around them through mobile cellular connections, and send and receive signals to each other.
6. Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC): A one-way or two-way short- to medium-range wireless communication channel designed specifically for automotive use and a set of corresponding protocols and standards.
2. Complexity and Technical Challenges of V2X
- How highly selective filter solutions address coexistence challenges
V2X and 5 GHz Wi-Fi coexistence
Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz coexistence with cellular bands 7, 40 and 41
Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) and V2X Coexistence
- V2X and 5 GHz Wi-Fi Coexistence Challenges
As shown in the figure below , the Wi-Fi 5 GHz Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure 3 (UNII 3) band overlaps with the 5.9 GHz V2X band. To allow these two radios to operate without interfering with each other, a filter is required. The filter needs to have a very steep outer edge of the attenuation band near the 5.855 GHz region to ensure that the V2X and Wi-Fi UNII 3 signals do not cause communication interference. In addition, noise in the UNII 2C receive band will cause desensitization of the received signal. Therefore, an additional filter is required to reduce the noise in the 5 GHz receive signal.
V2X and Wi-Fi Coexistence in 5 GHz Automotive Applications
- Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz coexistence with cellular bands 7, 40 and 41
Another coexistence issue in V2X is interference between cellular bands 7, 40, and 41 and the 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi band.
Cellular and Wi-Fi 2 coexistence in the 4 GHz band
- V2X and Electronic Toll Radio Coexistence Challenges
3. How to resolve spectrum challenges related to V2XA
To avoid interference in these situations, high-performance RF bandpass filters should have high-frequency capabilities. BAW is well suited for such high operating frequencies. BAW filters also provide a steep transition band to prevent signals from interfering with adjacent frequency bands, and the passband should have low insertion loss to maintain output power and coverage.
Filters used in automotive applications must be able to operate reliably in extreme temperature, humidity, and vibration conditions throughout the life of the vehicle, where quartz crystal filters will not cut it. Using BAW filters in these harsh conditions in automotive applications means engineers can now eliminate filter technologies that are larger and more difficult to implement.
Unique BAW filters have the required characteristics to provide all the functions required in the 5.9 GHz band. They provide the necessary steep transition bands with a high quality factor (Q) of up to 3000 and are much smaller than traditional ceramic or dielectric filters. BAW filters are well suited for advanced automotive RF applications due to their high selectivity and small size. These filters are typically used in applications above 1.5 GHz where high performance is required. In addition, this technology is generally capable of operating up to 7 GHz and beyond.
If you want to know more details about vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology, please click to read the original article .
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