What do you think of Pierucci's new book "The American Trap"? --- America's millimeter wave trap
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This post was last edited by qwqwqw2088 on 2020-9-17 22:55
Recently, almost every day, a company has reportedly stopped cooperating with Huawei or stopped authorizing it. The United States has launched a 360-degree, all-round attack on Huawei. It is indeed not easy for Huawei to survive until now. The three tactics used by the United States have been tried and tested for 30 years, and have brought down Toshiba and Alstom one after another.
The Toshiba logo has appeared on many electrical appliances we are familiar with, such as laptops, mobile phones, air conditioners, televisions, and many other technological fields.
Toshiba was founded in 1875, and has a history of 144 years. Since the 1980s, Toshiba has transformed from a company mainly engaged in household appliances and heavy motors to a comprehensive electronic and electrical company including communications and electronics. The Toshiba incident in 1987 became a turning point for Toshiba. As I just said, in the 1980s, Toshiba was the world's largest semiconductor company, and had achieved remarkable results in many fields such as communications and electronics. At that time, Japan was in the golden age of economy, surpassing the United States in the fields of semiconductors, fiber optics, and intelligent machinery. At that time in 1985, Japan had signed the humiliating Plaza Accord with the United States and other countries. The depreciation of the US dollar against the yen and the mark reached more than 40%. After the Plaza Accord, affected by the appreciation of the yen, Japan's export competitiveness was hit hard, and the economy was in a slump for more than ten years, and it has not recovered until now.
The five finance ministers who signed the Plaza Accord
However, the United States was still not at ease with Japan. In addition, Toshiba secretly sold four nine-axis five-linkage large CNC propeller milling machines to the Soviet Union at that time, so the United States decided to take action against Toshiba, the largest Japanese manufacturer. It should be mentioned here that in 1949, the "Coordinating Committee for Export Controls" was secretly established at the suggestion of the United States. The member countries were developed countries in the Western camp at that time. The purpose of establishing this organization was to restrict member countries from exporting strategic materials and high technologies to socialist countries. Until now, many core technology products of European and American countries are still not provided to China. Toshiba secretly provided the Soviet Union with a nine-axis five-linkage large CNC propeller milling machine, which directly touched the reverse scale of the United States. In April 1987, the United States imposed a 100% tariff on more than 300 million US dollars of Japanese memory, prohibited the United States from purchasing various high-tech products from Japan, including Fujitsu and Toshiba, and before being sanctioned in 1987, it filed a 301 lawsuit against Japanese electronic products, including Toshiba, in 1985 in the name of dumping.
News reports at the time
After Japan was banned, Japan disarmed itself and sanctioned its own Toshiba Corporation. The Metropolitan Police Department of Japan arrested Ryuji Hayashi, director of the casting department of Toshiba Machinery, and Hiroaki Tanimura, director of the machine tool division, and sentenced them to 10 months and 1 year in prison respectively. In July 1987, Japan revised the Export Control Law, and anyone who violated the "security export control" would be severely punished. The penalty period was increased from 1-3 years to 3-5 years, and the fine standard was increased to 3-5 times the export trade volume. From July 1987 to April 1988, the technology was opened to jointly develop the FSX fighter. On the surface, it was a joint development, but in fact, the United States obtained all the technology from it, and since then, it has opened the door to Japanese technology and taken all of Japan's technology for itself. Japan has become the rear laboratory of the United States, continuously supplying technology to the United States.
This move by Japan directly led to the decline of Toshiba's mechanical intelligence field. The field of electronic storage chips was just a grave-digging factor. In fact, it was because Toshiba was too focused on technology. After the operator was hit by imprisonment, the marketing suffered a setback. Today's Toshiba is no longer as glorious as it was in the past. In recent years, it has not only experienced layoffs, restructuring, and losses, but also has authorized or sold many electronic product brands to other countries in the world. For example, Toshiba's 40-year global TV brand was authorized to Hisense. In 2017, Japan's largest semiconductor manufacturer was finally acquired by the "Japan-US-Korea Consortium" led by Bain Capital of the United States for 2 trillion yen. The transaction price of Toshiba's semiconductor flash memory department was completed.
Alstom is the industrial pearl of France. At its most glorious time, Alstom was the world's number one in hydropower equipment, the world's number one in conventional nuclear power plants, the world's number one in environmental control systems, the world's number one in ultra-high-speed trains and high-speed trains of the Ministry of Transport, the world's number two in the urban transportation market, regional trains, infrastructure equipment and all related service areas, and the world's number two in the transportation and power transmission and distribution market. In terms of energy, it provides equipment that accounts for 15% of the world's total installed capacity, a total of 460,000 megawatts, ranking second in the world.
You can see that Alstom, like Huawei, was a leader in many fields during its most glorious period. One out of every four light bulbs in the world is powered by Alstom’s technology. However, the United States was upset. By 2013, Alstom had been investigated by the U.S. Department of Justice for more than three years, but Alstom’s CEO Patrick Kron decided not to cooperate with the U.S. authorities. In order to weaken the sanctions on Alstom, they arrested former Alstom executive Pierucci, who was arrested by the FBI at a U.S. airport in 2013 and was prosecuted and imprisoned. Later, the U.S. Department of Justice accused Pierucci of suspected commercial bribery and fined Alstom $772 million.
When Pierucci was arrested, Alstom panicked and Alstom executives began to fully cooperate with the US Department of Justice. In order to protect himself, the CEO secretly negotiated to sell three-quarters of the company's business, including power, to General Electric of the United States without the knowledge of the French government and most of Alstom's management.
Pierucci
By acquiring Alstom, the United States has gained the right to maintain all French nuclear power plants, which provide 75% of France's electricity. In his book "The American Trap", Pierucci pointed out that when the United States uses powerful intelligence weapons to obtain information about large contracts signed by foreign companies, it has the weapons to launch an underground economic war. His investigation found that in the nearly 40 years since the United States applied the "Foreign Corrupt Practices Act", the "fines" paid by foreign companies accounted for 67% of the total penalties. Among them, from 2008 to 2014, among the 26 companies that eventually paid fines of more than 100 million US dollars, 14 were European companies.
Just like arresting Japanese and French executives, the United States also wanted to scare Ren Zhengfei by arresting Meng Wanzhou, but Ren Zhengfei was not afraid. When the United States saw that this was not going to work, it immediately imposed comprehensive sanctions on Huawei, attempting to suppress or even bring down Huawei, or force Huawei to compromise and allow foreign capital to enter the capital market, so as to firmly grasp the core 5G technology in the hands of the United States.
Why is this so? Because the United States has chosen millimeter waves from the two major 5G options. There are currently two methods used globally to deploy hundreds of megahertz of new 5G spectrum. The first focuses on the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum below 6 GHz ("low- to mid-band spectrum", also known as "Sub-6"), mainly in the 3 GHz and 4 GHz bands. The second method focuses on the frequency band between 24 and 300 GHz ("high-band spectrum" or "millimeter waves")
The reason why the United States is focusing on millimeter waves is that most of the Sub-6GHz bands are federal bands unique to the United States, especially those widely used by the Department of Defense. In short, they can only be used for military purposes and not for civilian use. Although the 5G millimeter waves developed by Qualcomm are faster, in the MWC demonstration, they have achieved a network transmission rate of 4.63Gbps by using millimeter wave technology, which is unimaginable in the 4G era.
5G millimeter wave Although the speed of millimeter wave is far beyond the 6GHz band, it has the disadvantages of short transmission distance, poor penetration and diffraction ability, and easy to be affected by climate and environment. In the natural environment, rain, leaves, etc. will greatly hinder the penetration of millimeter waves, and the higher the frequency band, the more serious the attenuation. Therefore, millimeter waves are usually used for relatively short-distance communication needs (within 2 kilometers), or in scenes with few obstacles and small space (such as home or office occasions).
In order to compensate for the serious attenuation defect, it is usually necessary to use multi-antenna beamforming technology to compensate for the gain of the receiving and transmitting signals. At present, millimeter wave communication still faces many difficulties in RF devices and system design, such as the development of CMOS technology, waveguide design, substrate design, power loss, the length of the internal connection line of the chip, and frequency deviation. These problems need to be overcome.
Although Qualcomm has already developed a solution, there are still many difficulties in implementing it in practice. The most important point is that the millimeter wave frequency is close to that of meteorological satellites (23.8 GHz frequency). The large-scale construction of 5G networks may interfere with satellite observations, which will seriously affect weather forecasts, especially the reduction of large storm warning capabilities and the loss of life. In addition, millimeter waves cannot provide high-density services at present.
Atmospheric absorption rate of millimeter wave frequencies (db/km)
NASA's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has been warning the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) that the auctioned 5G wireless network spectrum could have a serious impact on the data collection system of the weather forecast system, thereby affecting the accuracy of hurricane forecasts. NOAA Acting Chairman Neil Jacobs said on Capitol Hill that the ongoing 5G network construction may reduce the accuracy of weather forecasts by 30%.
Therefore, it is difficult for the United States to have a large scope in the 5G field at present. The United States itself has frankly admitted its predicament!
U.S. operators may continue to explore mmWave, but it is impossible to lead in 5G without followers. Wireless network leadership requires the global market to recognize and follow the spectrum band specifications set by the leaders, because these 5G subcomponents and products will ultimately drive interoperability across networks. The rest of the world does not have the same Sub-6 band restrictions as U.S. operators, so they will subsequently seek 5G development in this range.
Therefore, if the United States continues to explore spectrum ranges that are different from the rest of the world, it may find itself without a global supply chain foundation. If the future 5G ecosystem adopted by most countries in the world is built on the Sub-6 mid-band spectrum, the United States will also face challenges in the universality of millimeter wave equipment and the security of Sub-6 infrastructure. As Sub-6 becomes a global standard, China, which is currently in a leading position in this field, is likely to become a leader in this stage. Huawei has already completed the research and development of the Sub 6GHz frequency band and started to sell its 5G technology around the world. The spectrum bands between 3Ghz and 4Ghz can be said to dominate global 5G activities, because compared with the millimeter wave spectrum, the propagation range of 3Ghz and 4Ghz has been improved, and the same coverage and performance can be provided with fewer base stations. In addition, Huawei has completed the research and development of millimeter waves ahead of the United States and repaired the defects of millimeter waves.
In addition, Huawei alone accounts for 20% of the 5G standard, and together with Datang and ZTE, they account for nearly 40%. The US 5G standard accounts for only 15%. Do you think the US will panic? 5G is the key to the Internet of Things revolution. The interconnection of all things, autonomous driving, artificial intelligence, smart medical care, etc. will inevitably lead to a new round of industrial upgrading under the rapid development of 5G. At that time, who will the US, which does not have core technology, rely on for industrial upgrading? Naturally, it will be those who gain the right to speak in the 5G era!
Fortunately, Huawei did not give in and is still resisting, just as He Tingbo said: With the R&D power of HiSilicon for more than a decade, Huawei has gotten rid of its dependence on the United States and achieved self-reliance in technology research and development. Huawei's counterattack is not just Huawei, but a counterattack by Chinese high-tech companies against US standards. DJI, Hikvision, SenseTime, SMIC, Tsinghua Unigroup and dozens of other high-tech companies have begun a grand and tragic counterattack under the US countermeasures.
If this counterattack is successful, China will completely get rid of its dependence on the United States and become the most dazzling star in the Eastern Hemisphere. This is a clarion call, blowing the dream of Chinese companies. Only by self-reliance and self-research in science and technology can we truly have the right to speak and not be influenced by others.
Source: Zhihu
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