The meaning of two and a half dimensions in RF simulation
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2.5D makes the vertical field distribution uniform. 2D does not consider the vertical component, and 3D can handle the non-uniform field distribution in the vertical direction. It can be seen that 2.5D is a little more than 2D, but a little less than 3D, so it is called 2.5D. The analysis method of 2.5D mostly uses MOM (sonnet, agilent momentum...) The analysis methods of 3D are FDTD (CST MWS), FEM (ansoft HFSS)...
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