Wireless Communication Principles Hotspot Technology

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Wireless Communication Principles Hotspot Technology [Copy link]

Hotspot Technology (1)4G The fourth generation mobile phone mobile communication standard refers to the fourth generation of mobile communication technology, foreign abbreviation: 4G. The technology includes two standards, TD-LTE and FDD-LTE (strictly speaking, LTE is only 3.9G. Although it is promoted as the 4G wireless standard, it has not been recognized by 3GPP as the next generation wireless communication standard IMT-Advanced described by the International Telecommunication Union, so it has not yet reached the 4G standard in a strict sense. Only the upgraded version of LTE Advanced meets the International Telecommunication Union's requirements for 4G). 4G is a combination of 3G and WLAN, and can quickly transmit data, high quality, audio, video and images. 4G can download at a speed of more than 100Mbps, which is 25 times faster than the current home broadband ADSL (4 megabytes), and can meet the requirements of almost all users for wireless services. In addition, 4G can be deployed in places where DSL and cable TV modems are not covered, and then expanded to the entire area. Obviously, 4G has incomparable advantages. (2) ZigBee technology ZigBee technology is mainly used for wireless personal area network (WPAN). It is developed based on IEE802.15.4 wireless standard. It is a technical proposal between RFID and Bluetooth technology. It is mainly used in various electronic devices with short distance and low data transmission rate. ZigBee protocol is simpler to use than Bluetooth, high-speed personal area network or 802.11x wireless LAN, and can be regarded as a brother of Bluetooth. (3) WLAN and WiFi/WAPI WLAN (wireless local area network) is a new method of building a local area network using wireless technology to replace the previous wired wiring method. It can provide all the functions of the traditional wired LAN and is the product of the combination of computer network and wireless communication technology. It is a subset of general wireless access, supporting higher transmission rates (2Mb/s to 54Mb/s, or even higher), using radio frequency or infrared, with the help of direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) or frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS), GMSK, OFDM and other technologies, and even the future ultra-wideband transmission technology UWBT, to achieve long-distance high-speed connection access to the Internet by fixed, semi-mobile and mobile network terminals. At present, in principle, the rate of WLAN is still relatively low, and it is mainly suitable for small mobile terminals such as mobile phones and PDAs. In June 1997, IEEE launched the 802.11 standard, creating a precedent for WLAN. The WLAN field now mainly includes IEEE802.11x series and HiperLAN/x series standards. WiFi is commonly known as wireless broadband, and its full name is Wireless Fideliry. Wireless local area network is often called WiFi network, and this name comes from the WiFi Alliance, the world's largest wireless local area network technology promotion and product certification organization. As a wireless networking technology, WiFi has long been the focus of the industry. WiFi terminals involve many products such as mobile phones, PCs (laptops), flat-screen TVs, digital cameras, and projectors. At present, WiFi networks have been applied to homes, enterprises, and public hot spots, among which the application in the home is a kind of application that is closer to people's lives. Since WiFi network can well achieve network coverage within the home, it is suitable to serve as the dominant network in the home. Other devices with WiFi function in the home, such as TV, DVD player, digital audio, digital photo frame, camera, etc., can establish communication connection with the background media server, computer, etc. through the transmission medium of WiFi network, realize the digitization and wirelessness of the whole family, and make people's life more convenient and rich. At present, in addition to users purchasing WiFi devices to establish wireless home networks, operators are also vigorously promoting home network coverage. For example, China Telecom's "My E Home" adds WiFi function to the home gateway and binds it with wired broadband services. In the future, the application field of WiFi will continue to expand, and develop into many new fields such as automatic control network based on the existing home network, enterprise network and public network. WAPI is the abbreviation of WLAN Authentication and Privacy Infrastructure. As my country's first independent innovative security technology standard in the field of computer network communications, WAPI can effectively prevent wireless LAN devices that do not meet security conditions from entering the network, and can also prevent users' terminal devices from accessing networks that do not meet security conditions, thus realizing "legitimate users accessing legitimate networks". The advantages of WAPI's secure wireless network, such as "operability and manageability", have been actively explored, promoted and applied by highly professional operators represented by China Mobile and China Telecom. The application of WAPI in the operating market has further promoted the attention and support of WAPI by other industry markets and consumers. Currently, there are more than 50 smartphones from major global mobile phone manufacturers on the market that support WAPI, including Nokia, Samsung, Sony Ericsson and Coolpad. The three major Chinese telecom operators have also started or completed the bidding and tendering of the first batch of WAPI hotspots. Taking China Mobile as an example, about 100,000 WAPI hotspots have been actually deployed so far. This means that the WAPI ecosystem has been basically established and the door to WAPI commercialization has been opened. (4) Short-range wireless communication (Bluetooth, RFID, IrDA) Bluetooth technology is actually a short-range radio technology. Bluetooth technology can effectively simplify the communication between mobile communication terminal devices such as PDAs, laptops and mobile phones, and can also successfully simplify the communication between these devices and the Internet, making the data transmission between these modern communication devices and the Internet faster and more efficient, thereby broadening the road for wireless communication. Bluetooth uses a distributed network structure as well as fast frequency hopping and short packet technology, supports point-to-point and point-to-multipoint communications, and works in the globally common 2.4GHz ISM (i.e. industrial, scientific, and medical) frequency band. Its data rate is 1Mbps, and it uses a time-division duplex transmission scheme to achieve full-duplex transmission. Bluetooth technology is free to use and a global standard, and its application range in today's society is quite wide. RFID is the abbreviation of Radio Frequency Identification, commonly known as electronic tags. Radio frequency identification technology is a technology that uses radio frequency signals to achieve contactless information transmission through spatial coupling (alternating magnetic fields or electromagnetic fields) and achieves identification purposes through the transmitted information. At present, the operating frequencies of RFID products are low frequency (125kHz~134kHz), high frequency (13.56MHz) and UHF (860MHz～960MHz), RFID products in different frequency bands have different characteristics. Radio frequency identification technology is widely used in many fields such as industrial automation, commercial automation, transportation control management, anti-counterfeiting, etc. For example, WalMart, Tesco, the US Department of Defense and Metro Supermarket all use RFID technology in their supply chains. In the future, UHF products will be widely used. IrDA is a technology that uses infrared rays for point-to-point communication. It may be the first technology to realize wireless personal area network (PAN). At present, its software and hardware technologies are very mature and widely used in small mobile devices such as PDA and mobile phones. In fact, every PDA shipped today and many mobile phones, laptops, printers and other products support IrDA. The main advantage of IrDA is that there is no need to apply for the right to use the frequency, so the cost of infrared communication is low. It also has the characteristics of small size, low power consumption, convenient connection, and ease of use required for mobile communications; and because of its high data transmission rate, it is suitable for transmitting large-capacity files and multimedia data. In addition, the infrared emission angle is small and the transmission security is high. The disadvantage of IrDA is that it is a line-of-sight transmission. The two communicating devices must be aligned and cannot be blocked by other objects in the middle. Therefore, this technology can only be used for connections between two (not multiple) devices (Bluetooth does not have this limitation and is not blocked by walls). The current research direction of IrDA is how to solve the line-of-sight transmission problem and improve the data transmission rate. (5) WiMAX WiMAX stands for World Interoperability for Microwave Access, which can replace existing wired and DSL connections to provide the last mile of wireless broadband access. Its technical standard is IEEE 802.16, and its goal is to promote the application of IEEE 802.16. Compared with other wireless communication systems, WiMAX's main advantages are its high spectrum utilization and transmission rate, so its main applications are broadband Internet access and mobile data services. (6) Ultra-Wideband Wireless Access Technology UWB UWB (Ultra Wideband) is a carrier-free communication technology that uses non-sinusoidal narrow pulses from nanoseconds to picoseconds to transmit data. By transmitting extremely low-power signals over a wider spectrum, UWB can achieve data transmission rates of hundreds of Mb/s to several Gb/s within a range of about 10 meters. UWB has many advantages such as strong anti-interference performance, high transmission rate, extremely wide bandwidth, low power consumption, and low transmission power. It is mainly used in indoor communications, high-speed wireless LAN, home network, cordless phone, security detection, location determination, radar and other fields. For UWB technology, it should be noted that it will also occupy a place in the field of wireless communications with its unique rate and special range. Due to its high speed and narrow coverage, it is very suitable for building a high-speed information network for the family. It has a certain impact on Bluetooth technology, but it does not pose a great threat to current mobile technology, WLAN and other technologies. Instead, it can be a good supplement to them. (7) EnOcean EnOcean wireless communication standard has been adopted as the international standard "ISO/IEC 14543-3-10", which is also the only wireless international standard in the world that uses energy harvesting technology. EnOcean energy harvesting modules can harvest energy generated by the surrounding environment and obtain weak power from light, heat, radio waves, vibration, human body movements, etc. After processing, these energies are used to supply EnOcean ultra-low power wireless communication modules, realizing a truly data cable-free, power cable-free, and battery-free communication system. EnOcean wireless standard ISO/IEC14543-3-10 uses 868MHz, 902MHz, 928MHz and 315MHz frequency bands, with a transmission distance of 300 meters outdoors and 30 meters indoors. (8) Z-Wave Z-Wave is a wireless networking specification led by the Danish company Zensys. Z-Wave is an emerging RF-based, low-cost, low-power, highly reliable, network-friendly short-range wireless communication technology. The working frequency band is 908.42MHz. The effective coverage range of 868.42MHz signal is 30m indoors and more than 100m outdoors, which is suitable for narrow bandwidth applications. Z-Wave technology is also a low-power and low-cost technology, which strongly promotes low-rate wireless personal area networks. The effective coverage range of 42MHz signal is 30m indoors and more than 100m outdoors, which is suitable for narrow bandwidth applications. Z-Wave technology is also a low-power and low-cost technology, which strongly promotes low-rate wireless personal area networks. The effective coverage range of 42MHz signal is 30m indoors and more than 100m outdoors, which is suitable for narrow bandwidth applications. Z-Wave technology is also a low-power and low-cost technology, which strongly promotes low-rate wireless personal area networks. 16 applications. Compared with other wireless communication systems, the main advantage of WiMAX is its high spectrum utilization and transmission rate, so its main applications are broadband Internet access and mobile data services. (6) Ultra-wideband wireless access technology UWB UWB (Ultra Wideband) is a carrier-free communication technology that uses non-sinusoidal narrow pulses from nanoseconds to picoseconds to transmit data. By transmitting extremely low-power signals over a wider spectrum, UWB can achieve data transmission rates of hundreds of Mb/s to several Gb/s within a range of about 10 meters. UWB has many advantages such as strong anti-interference performance, high transmission rate, extremely wide bandwidth, low power consumption, and low transmission power. It is mainly used in indoor communications, high-speed wireless LAN, home network, cordless phone, security detection, location determination, radar and other fields. For UWB technology, it should be noted that it will also occupy a place in the field of wireless communications with its unique rate and special range. Due to its high speed and narrow coverage, it is very suitable for building a high-speed information network for the family. It has a certain impact on Bluetooth technology, but it does not pose a great threat to current mobile technology, WLAN and other technologies. Instead, it can be a good supplement to them. (7) EnOcean EnOcean wireless communication standard has been adopted as the international standard "ISO/IEC 14543-3-10", which is also the only wireless international standard in the world that uses energy harvesting technology. EnOcean energy harvesting modules can harvest energy generated by the surrounding environment and obtain weak power from light, heat, radio waves, vibration, human body movements, etc. After processing, these energies are used to supply EnOcean ultra-low power wireless communication modules, realizing a truly data cable-free, power cable-free, and battery-free communication system. EnOcean wireless standard ISO/IEC14543-3-10 uses 868MHz, 902MHz, 928MHz and 315MHz frequency bands, with a transmission distance of 300 meters outdoors and 30 meters indoors. (8) Z-Wave Z-Wave is a wireless networking specification led by the Danish company Zensys. Z-Wave is an emerging RF-based, low-cost, low-power, highly reliable, network-friendly short-range wireless communication technology. The working frequency band is 908.42MHz. The effective coverage range of 868.42MHz signal is 30m indoors and more than 100m outdoors, which is suitable for narrow bandwidth applications. Z-Wave technology is also a low-power and low-cost technology, which strongly promotes low-rate wireless personal area networks. 16 applications. Compared with other wireless communication systems, the main advantage of WiMAX is its high spectrum utilization and transmission rate, so its main applications are broadband Internet access and mobile data services. (6) Ultra-wideband wireless access technology UWB UWB (Ultra Wideband) is a carrier-free communication technology that uses non-sinusoidal narrow pulses from nanoseconds to picoseconds to transmit data. By transmitting extremely low-power signals over a wider spectrum, UWB can achieve data transmission rates of hundreds of Mb/s to several Gb/s within a range of about 10 meters. UWB has many advantages such as strong anti-interference performance, high transmission rate, extremely wide bandwidth, low power consumption, and low transmission power. It is mainly used in indoor communications, high-speed wireless LAN, home network, cordless phone, security detection, location determination, radar and other fields. For UWB technology, it should be noted that it will also occupy a place in the field of wireless communications with its unique rate and special range. Due to its high speed and narrow coverage, it is very suitable for building a high-speed information network for the family. It has a certain impact on Bluetooth technology, but it does not pose a great threat to current mobile technology, WLAN and other technologies. Instead, it can be a good supplement to them. (7) EnOcean EnOcean wireless communication standard has been adopted as the international standard "ISO/IEC 14543-3-10", which is also the only wireless international standard in the world that uses energy harvesting technology. EnOcean energy harvesting modules can harvest energy generated by the surrounding environment and obtain weak power from light, heat, radio waves, vibration, human body movements, etc. After processing, these energies are used to supply EnOcean ultra-low power wireless communication modules, realizing a truly data cable-free, power cable-free, and battery-free communication system. EnOcean wireless standard ISO/IEC14543-3-10 uses 868MHz, 902MHz, 928MHz and 315MHz frequency bands, with a transmission distance of 300 meters outdoors and 30 meters indoors. (8) Z-Wave Z-Wave is a wireless networking specification led by the Danish company Zensys. Z-Wave is an emerging RF-based, low-cost, low-power, highly reliable, network-friendly short-range wireless communication technology. The working frequency band is 908.42MHz. The effective coverage range of 868.42MHz signal is 30m indoors and more than 100m outdoors, which is suitable for narrow bandwidth applications. Z-Wave technology is also a low-power and low-cost technology, which strongly promotes low-rate wireless personal area networks.