The development history of Chinese radio

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The development history of Chinese radio [Copy link]

Radio, a practical item that is deeply rooted in daily life, a former luxury item, and a witness of an era. It records the establishment and development of the emerging cultural communication industry in my country with the radio industry as the background, and also carries the profound cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. In the days spent with the radio, which classic radios are unforgettable for you? Which radio stories are unforgettable for you? [Shanghai Brand 131 Model Seven-lamp Four-band Four-speaker Radio] It is a product of the former Shanghai Broadcasting Equipment Factory. In April 1958, Shanghai Broadcasting Equipment Factory successfully trial-produced the Shanghai Brand 131 AC seven-lamp first-class radio, filling the domestic gap. The radio won the first prize at the Second National Radio Radio Observation and Evaluation Conference in 1959. A total of 58,773 units of this product were produced, of which 6,700 were exported. In 1961, the product was transferred to Shanghai Radio Factory No. 2 for production. In 1958, based on the 131 model, the factory also produced the 531 seven-lamp four-band superheterodyne floor-standing radio and the 532 14-lamp full-band superheterodyne radio, record, and recording three-purpose floor-standing radio, all of which met or exceeded the national first-class radio standards. Technical Parameters Shanghai 131 has a rotatable medium-wave magnetic rod antenna with a length of 170 mm; a piece of 465 x 165 x 1 mm thin aluminum is installed on the top of the wooden box as an internal antenna for receiving shortwave; there is an external speaker jack; a total of 4 speakers are used; 1 pair of 5-inch 1F1 type constant magnetism ceramic mid-range speakers, 1 8-inch 4-ohm 3F1 type electric woofer, and 1 3.5-inch 10-ohm 1/4 P-1 type tweeter. Shanghai Brand 131 uses a total of 7 electron tubes: 6A2, 6K4, 6H2, 6N2, 6P1, 6Z4, EM80; The frequency range of Shanghai Brand 131 is: MW: 550-1600; SW1: 3.95—7.60 MHz; SW2: 9.00—12.10 MHz; SW3: 14.50—20.00 MHz; Power supply: Input AC voltage is 110V, 127V, 145V, 220V, 240V, etc. 【Bailin 4-62-1】 In 1963, Beijing Radio Instrument Factory trial-produced the Bailing 2-62-1 2-tube radio and 4-62-1 4-tube radio, both of which were low-end popular radios. The 4-62-1 transistor radio is a medium-wave regenerative four-tube simple radio, available in desktop and portable versions. It can listen to local and neighboring radio stations, and can listen to distant radio stations with an external antenna. It has a light and solid structure and clear and beautiful sound quality. Technical parameters Bailin 4-62-1 has 4 transistors and 1 band. 【Mudan 8402】 In 1963, in order to implement the central government's instructions to vigorously develop the electronics industry and to make Beijing's industry develop in the direction of high, precise and advanced, the Beijing Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government formally proposed the task of trial-producing semiconductor radios at the Municipal Party Committee's Industrial Work Conference in December 1963, and determined the policy of using complete machine factories to drive the products of component factories. The domestically produced 8-tube semiconductor radio, which was trial-produced with reference to a foreign prototype (the BX327 radio of Sharp Corporation of Japan), was named the Peony Brand "8402" semiconductor radio. Therefore, this campaign was also referred to as the "8402 Campaign". The Municipal Party Committee listed the "8402 Campaign" as one of the key tasks on the industrial front of Beijing. The campaign was carried out under the direct leadership of the Beijing Municipal Party Committee. The Municipal Party Committee set up a four-member team (Zheng Tianxiang, Secretary of the Municipal Party Committee, Jia Tingsan, Deputy Mayor, Wang Zhenwu, and Han Boping, Deputy Directors of the Municipal Industrial Production Committee) to unify the command of the campaign, and the Beijing Mechanical and Electrical Industry Bureau was responsible for the specific organization of the work. The Beijing Radio Joint Factory was the main force, and its affiliated Beijing Electronic Instrument Factory (renamed Beijing Radio Factory after June 1964, and the electronic instrument workshop was separated in 1966 to re-establish the Beijing Electronic Instrument Factory, which has since become a professional factory for the production of electronic audio products) undertook the tasks of prototype testing, analysis, research, and overall design and trial production of the "8402" radio; several affiliated component factories undertook the trial production of small components. In addition to the Radio Joint Factory system, participating in the general battle included 10 central enterprises, 4 central research units, 20 factories under the Beijing Mechanical and Electrical Bureau, 21 factories under the Beijing Metallurgical Bureau, Chemical Bureau, Light Industry Bureau, Cultural Bureau, Civil Affairs Bureau, Handicraft Administration Bureau, District Industrial Bureau, Building Materials Bureau, etc., and 6 street factories, totaling 61 factories (institutes), 1,070 outsourced projects, 1.0916 million collaborative parts, including 194 sets of molds, 54 non-standard equipment, 636,000 purchased parts, and 455,400 outsourced processing parts. Before the campaign began, Beijing Electronic Instrument Factory had done a lot of accurate work, appointing Xing Di as the main designer and He Chijin as the main process engineer. Together with the engineering and technical personnel, they collected a large amount of technical information of similar products at home and abroad, tested the prototypes (sample parts), analyzed the difficulties in the technical process, and put forward the initial idea of the campaign. The competent department of Beijing also held an expert symposium, listened to opinions widely, and selected the model. The 8-tube semiconductor radio campaign was roughly divided into three stages: the initial sample trial production stage (December 1963 to April 1964), the final sample trial production stage (May to July 1964), and the small batch trial production stage (July to October 1964). In October 1964, after 10 months and 20 days of hard work, the campaign ended in victory. On September 22, the Fourth Ministry of Machine Building Industry officially approved the design of the Mudan "8402" semiconductor radio. According to the expected date, "Ten.One thousand units were put on the market as a gift to the 15th anniversary of the National Day. Each unit was sold at a price of 156 yuan and sold out immediately. One month after the design was completed, the production line was finalized and the daily output reached 300-400 units. Nearly 3,000 units of the Peony 8402 were produced that year. 15,000 units were produced in 1965 and 25,000 units in 1966. With the expansion of batches, the cost gradually decreased, from the initial loss of 20 yuan per unit to profit. Due to the insistence on "quality first" and "high standards and strict requirements", the performance of the radio reached the level of similar foreign radios at that time. From November 5 to 13, 1964, when Premier Zhou led the Chinese party and government delegation to participate in the "Celebration of the 47th Anniversary of the Soviet Socialist Revolution", nearly 100 Peony 8402 radios were packed in gift boxes through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and tested by the Fourth Ministry of Machine Building, and shipped to Moscow to be distributed to the delegations of various socialist countries participating in the celebration. On October 13, 1964, Beijing Daily published a special report titled "The Birth of Semiconductor Radio". The "8402 Battle" wrote a glorious page in the history of Beijing's electronic industry development. Compared with foreign prototypes, the newly designed Peony 8402 semiconductor radio has many changes in appearance and structure, and has also made improvements in circuits, based on domestic matching. Technical parameters Peony 8402 uses 8 triodes and 1 diode, and shares more than 100 electronic components. It is wrapped in a leather case and uses 4 No. 5 batteries for power. It can listen to medium and short wave radio programs. 【Peony 941】 In March 1973, the design of the Peony 941 three-band two-stage semiconductor radio was finalized. The Peony 941 was the highest-performance two-stage radio put into production in China at that time, with a shortwave frequency of up to 22MHz. In 1974, the Peony 941 semiconductor radio won the first place in the second-stage portable radio at the 5th National Radio Evaluation Conference. Technical Parameters The Peony 941 has 3 bands: 1 medium wave and 2 short waves. 【Peony 2241】 The Peony 224l 22-tube full-band semiconductor radio, which was successfully trial-produced in 1974, was the first large-scale desktop radio produced in batches in my country, designed by He Qizhe and Yu Xiliang as the main designers. In 1971, my country invited the American table tennis team to Beijing. After that, US Secretary of State Kissinger made a secret visit to China. Ping-pong diplomacy quickly thawed Sino-US relations. US President Nixon was ready to pay an official visit to my country in early 1972. In order to demonstrate the level of my country's electronic industry, the relevant departments decided to develop and produce advanced radios in 1971, and issued tasks to several powerful backbone factories. The Peony 2241 first-level full-band semiconductor radio was developed under such a political background. At the same time, other products developed included Seagull 101, Panda B11, Red Light 735, 738 and Spring Thunder 3T2. In October 1971, Beijing Radio Factory accepted the task of equipping Beijing Hotel and other big hotels with domestically produced high-end radios. In February 1972, a three-in-one trial production team was organized to solicit opinions from Beijing Hotel, Xinqiao Hotel, Xinhua News Agency, Nanjing, Shanghai and other places. In May of the same year, the design plan was determined, and the first draft was made on the eve of National Day. On July 14, 1973, Chairman Zhu De visited the prototype of the Peony Brand 2241 full-band desktop first-level machine at the "Radio and TV Sample Exhibition". From October 1971 to August 1974, Beijing Radio Factory completed the development of the domestically produced advanced semiconductor radio, the Mudan 2241 22-tube FM and AM full-band desktop semiconductor radio, which was equipped for the Beijing Hotel and other large hotels. On August 19, 1974, the design and production of the Mudan 2241 full-band first-class desktop semiconductor radio was finalized and put into production. This radio was the first batch of the highest-performance first-class radio in my country. A total of 418 units were produced (data from "Beijing Mudan Factory Chronicles 50 Years"), and the Beijing Hotel ordered 70 units. Mudan 2241 is the first radio produced by the factory using FM technology. For easy reception, a world time zone division map is attached to the upper part of the case. It is equipped with external speaker jack and pickup jack. It uses a wooden case, has a beautiful and luxurious appearance, and has a deep bass, clear treble, and rich sound quality, reaching the national first-class radio standard. Mudan 2241 represented the most advanced level of domestic semiconductor radios at that time, and was once presented as a state gift to foreign heads of state visiting China. Mudan 2241 won the first place in the first-class radio in the sixth national radio evaluation in 1976. Peony 2241 uses ceramic filters and has a bandwidth control device. The low-frequency amplifier uses a transformerless circuit. In addition to the independent high and low frequency control knobs for the tone compensation part, there are also five fixed tone controllers for language, singing, bass, and orchestra to meet the needs of listening to different programs. The high and medium frequency parts of the FM and AM receiving circuits of Peony 2241 are completely independent, and the low-frequency part is shared. The shortwave 2-9 uses a drum-shaped band switch, and a total of 24 circuit components are used for the eight bands, all of which are installed in the drum-shaped band switch. The structure of the drum-shaped band switch is far more complicated than the knife-shaped band switch used in ordinary radios, but the circuits of each band do not affect each other. The tuning part has a flywheel device to increase inertia, and the feel is excellent. Although FM and AM share a tuning knob, there is a clutch device on the tuning shaft that is linked to the band switch. When switching to AM, the variable capacitor and tuning pointer of the AM part move, and the FM part does not work. Vice versa. Two magnetic antennas are installed on a rotatable aluminum bracket. The magnetic antenna can be rotated by the knob to achieve the best listening effect. The magnetic antenna bracket is equipped with a wire wheel, which can drive the pointer to display the rotation position of the antenna on the panel. The tuning indicator dial of Peony 2241 is large and clear. The frequencies of FM, long wave, medium wave and short wave 1 can be read directly on the panel, while short wave 2-9 share a window. Its frequency and wavelength are displayed by another scrolling dial behind the dial glass that is linked to the band switch. There is also a tuning indicator meter on the panel. When the upper cover is opened, the world time zone table can be seen. There is a headphone jack on the left side and a long wave 1.5-meter telescopic antenna. There are microphone, recording, external power supply and external speaker jacks on the back. There are 3 speakers in the case, 1 on the front, 1 on the left and 1 on the right. The sound quality is quite good. The case is made of wood, and the side panels have metal reinforcement frames. The front and back panels are marked with "Peony 22-tube full-band transistor radio" and "Made in the People's Republic of China", but the name of Beijing Radio Factory is not marked. The metal nameplate on the upper left of the front has the "Peony" trademark written by Guo Moruo. Technical Parameters The Mudan 2241 machine has a total of 22 transistors and 12 bands, including 1 FM band; AM long wave and medium wave each occupy 1 band, and short wave is divided into 9 bands; the machine is equipped with a magnetic antenna and a telescopic antenna, and an external antenna can also be connected; there are 5 buttons including "language", "singing", "bass", "orchestra", and "manual", which can be switched according to the needs of the program content and the tone can be adjusted; the whole machine uses 4 speakers. Peony 2241 Output power: 4W without distortion, 5W maximum; Intermediate frequency: AM: 465KHz, FM: 10.7MHz; Power supply: 18V, randomly equipped with ZL-1 AC power supply conversion device, or 12 No. 1 batteries. The frequency range of Mudan 2241 is: FM: 88-108MHz; SW1: 1.6-5.0 MHz; SW2: 5.0-7.1 MHz (5.93-6.23 MHz after expansion, 49 meters); SW3: 6.1-8.2 MHz (7.07-7.35 MHz after expansion, 41 meters); SW4: 8.2-11 MHz (after expansion to 9.45-9.80 MHz, 31 meters); SW5: 10.1-13.5 MHz (after expansion to 11.65-12.05 MHz, 25 meters); SW6: 13-17.4 MHz (after expansion to 15.05-15.55 MHz, 19 meters); SW7: 15.2-20.1 MHz (after expansion to 17.55-18.05 MHz, 16 meters); SW8: 18.2-24.2 MHz (after expansion to 21.25-22.05 MHz, 13 meters); SW9: 21.5-30 MHz (after expansion to 25.45-26.75 MHz, 11 meters); MW: 535-1605K Hz; LW: 150-400K Hz.389489[/attach] 【Haitang TR40l】 1964. Wuhan Radio Factory trial-produced the Begonia TR401 high-amplitude regenerative rifle push-pull output four-tube desktop and TR-4B portable semiconductor radio. The Begonia TR-401 semiconductor radio was rated first among similar models in the fourth national radio competition held that year and won the first prize. Technical Parameters The Begonia TR401 has 4 transistors and 1 band. 【Shanghai 144】 In the 1970s, there were three Shanghai radio manufacturers producing Shanghai 144 AC six-lamp three-band tube radios, namely the State-owned Shanghai Broadcasting Equipment Factory, the State-owned Shanghai Metal Craft Factory No. 3, and the Shanghai Xinhua Component Factory. The radios produced by each manufacturer had no difference in structure or components, except for a few differences in the exceptions. Introduction to the structure of the radio: It uses a five-position piano-key switch, from left to right, it is power, pickup and band selection; in addition to the volume and tuning knobs, there are three-position high, medium and low tone switches and tone fine-tuning knobs, shortwave fine-tuning and magnetic antenna direction adjustment knobs; on the side of the rear bottom plate of the machine are medium and shortwave external antenna jacks, pickup jacks and power conversion plugs with fuses; shortwave is equipped with an aluminum foil antenna covering the top of the entire machine. Technical parameters The Shanghai 144 radio has 6 electron tubes and 3 bands. The electron tube models are 6U1, 6K4, 6N2, 6P14, 6Z4, and 6E1. The frequency range of Shanghai 144 is: Medium wave: 535-1620KHz; Short wave 1: 3.8-8.2MHz; Short wave 2: 8.2-18.4MHz. Other technical indicators of Shanghai 144 are: Selectivity: Attenuation is greater than 30 decibels when deflected by 10KHz; Sensitivity: When using a magnetic antenna for medium wave, it is not inferior to 150uV, and when using an aluminum foil antenna for short wave, it is not inferior to 200uV; Non-linear distortion coefficient of the whole machine: 200 to 4000Hz is not greater than 7%; Pickup input sensitivity: not inferior to 150mV; Automatic gain control: when the input voltage changes by 26 dB, the output voltage changes by no more than 12 dB; Frequency characteristics of the whole machine: from 100 to 4000 Hz, the sound pressure unevenness is no more than 14 dB, and the voltage unevenness is no more than 10 dB; Rated output power: 2W. 389491 [/attach] [Fei Le 2J4] The Fei Le 2J4 semiconductor radio was produced by Shanghai Radio Factory No. 2 in 1965. In 1963, the output of transistor radios in Shanghai accounted for only 3.3% of the total output of radios. On December 1, 1963, the state implemented a periodic tax exemption for the production of transistor radios and a one-year tax exemption for small components and semiconductor devices used to assemble transistor radios, and decided to reduce prices by 21%, thereby stimulating consumption and promoting production. In 1965, it rose to 59.7%, exceeding the output of electron tube radios for the first time, and developed from a single variety to as many as 13 varieties, including the Feilo 2J4 type of Shanghai Radio Factory No. 2 and the Meiduo 210A medium and short wave high-sensitivity semiconductor radios of Shanghai Radio Factory No. 3. The production of semiconductor radios reached the level of Western developed countries in the late 1950s. In 1968, Shanghai began to export semiconductor radios. 【Meiduo 210A】 Meiduo 210A medium and short wave high sensitivity semiconductor radio was produced by Shanghai Radio Factory No. 3 in 1965. In 1963, the output of transistor radios in Shanghai accounted for only 3.3% of the total output of radios. On December 1, 1963, the state implemented a periodic tax exemption for the production of transistor radios and a one-year tax exemption for small components and semiconductor devices used to assemble transistor radios, and decided to reduce prices by 21%, thereby stimulating consumption and promoting production. In 1965, it rose to 59.7%, exceeding the output of electron tube radios for the first time, and developed from a single variety to 13 varieties, including the Feilo 2J4 of Shanghai Radio Factory No. 2 and the Meiduo 210A medium and short wave high sensitivity semiconductor radio of Shanghai Radio Factory No. 3. The production of semiconductor radios reached the level of Western developed countries in the late 1950s. In 1968, Shanghai began to export semiconductor radios. 【Yangtze River 715A】 In 1977, Wuhan Radio Factory developed and produced the Changjiang 715A semiconductor radio, with a total output of more than 1.74 million units. In the mid-to-late 1970s, six types of Changjiang brand machines, including 715, 715A, 724, 726, 7B2 and 733, were sold nationwide and became popular commodities in the Shanghai market. Among them, the production of Changjiang 715A ranked first. Technical parameters Changjiang 715A has 7 transistors and 1 band. [attach]389494 [/attach] [Red Light 711] In June 1972, Shanghai Radio Factory No. 2 designed and produced the Hongdeng 711 six-tube two-band large desktop tube radio, which was popular in the market with its rich sound, reliable quality and beautiful appearance, and was in short supply. From 1972 to 1980, a total of 1.86 million units were produced, setting a record for the highest production of a radio model in the same period. Technical parameters Hongdeng 711 has 6 tubes and 2 bands. 【Spring Thunder 3T2】 Shangwusan Factory Chunlei 3T2 desktop FM and AM full-band first-class radio, the project was launched in 1971. Due to the technical difficulties of medium wave sensitivity, it was not officially approved and put into production until early 1976. Technical parameters Chunlei 3T2 has 32 transistors. The medium wave part uses field effect tubes and air triple tuning high-amplification. The sensitivity is 0.045mV/m. 【Panda 1501】 In 1958, in order to welcome the tenth anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Tenth Bureau of the First Ministry of Machine Building issued a task, and the Nanjing Radio Factory developed a high-end electronic audio product that reflected the new level of development in the past ten years, and equipped it with the Great Hall of the People, one of the ten major projects in Beijing. After nearly a year of hard work by all the employees of the factory, in May 1959, three audio products were successfully developed: the Panda Brand 1401 medium, short and ultra full-band FM and AM premium radio, the Panda Brand 1501 three-in-one recorder combining a premium radio, a four-speed automatic disc-dropping record player and a dual-speed reel-to-reel tape recorder, and the Panda Brand 1502 two-in-one recorder combining a premium radio and a four-speed automatic disc-dropping record player. All of these were the first of their kind in China. Panda 1501 has a gorgeous and rich national style in its shape. Its electroacoustic comprehensive performance has caught up with the advanced level of similar international products at that time. It is also a high-level domestic civilian electronic audio product at that time. Panda 1501 is equipped in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing and Chinese embassies abroad, and has been praised. It was also presented as a state gift to President Toure, the head of state of Ghana who visited. A total of 400 Panda 1401, 1501 and 1502 products were produced that year, and all won the first prize in the special radio group in the second national radio observation and evaluation in 1959. Due to price factors, it was ahead of market demand and was not produced further. Technical Parameters Panda 1501 has 15 tubes in total; it has an FM receiver; it accepts all civilian broadcast bands; it has three functions: radio, electric singing, and recording. 【Haiyan T241】 In 1975, Shanghai No. 101 Factory successfully developed the Haiyan brand T241 type 14-tube four-band AC two-stage desktop radio, using transistors to replace tubes. The machine won the first prize in the 7th and 8th National Radio Competitions. In September 1981, it was the first time that Shanghai's radio and television manufacturing industry won the National Quality Silver Award. The machine has stable and reliable quality, with an average trouble-free working time of 7,300 hours. Haiyan T241 has a fine wooden shell, a reasonable appearance layout, a sense of the times, a loud sound, and beautiful sound quality. A total of 286,100 units were produced from 1975 to 1984. It was supplied with tickets for a period of time and was very popular. Technical parameters Haiyan T241 has a total of 14 transistors and 4 bands; there are one 6-inch and one 4-inch × 6-inch speakers; medium wave plus three short waves; there is a phono input socket at the back of the machine, which is switched by a five-speed key switch; the power switch is a push-push key switch; the volume: treble and bass three potentiometers are all push-pull type; on the right are two large knobs, the first is the magnetic antenna knob, which is used in conjunction with the tuning knob to make the medium wave radio signal the strongest; the second is the radio tuning knob, which is equipped with a large mass flywheel. 【Seagull 101】 In 1974, Tianjin Bohai Radio Factory and several other radio factories in Tianjin imitated the German Grundig 6001 radio and jointly developed the Seagull 101 radio. The radio was designed to participate in the national radio competition. Because of its high specifications and high cost, only 2-4 sets were produced, and it was a national special-grade radio. Technical parameters The Seagull 101 has 32 transistors and 11 bands. 【Disan R707】 The Disan R707 produced in 1990 is the representative work of Dongguan Disan Electronics. Its exquisite appearance, compact and practical, is loved by consumers and once became the most sought-after radio in the early 1990s. 【Tecsun R-9700】 Tecsun R-9700 is a radio launched by Tecsun in 1997 and is currently out of production. The Tecsun R-9700 shortwave uses quartz crystal frequency conversion; it can receive medium wave/short wave/FM stereo and 2-12 channel TV audio; it has a local/remote sensitivity switch; it uses a fully touch-type electronic on/off system; it has an external power supply and a stereo headphone jack; it comes with headphones, an exquisite leather case and a shortwave external antenna. Technical parameters Main technical indicators of Tecsun R-9700: 1. Frequency range FM: 87.0-108MHz TV sound (TV) VHF: 2-12 CH Medium wave (MW): 525-1610kHz Short wave (SW): 4.70-21.85MHz (SW1 4.70-5.10MHz SW2 5.90-6.30MHz SW3 7.00-7.40MHz SW4 9.50-9.90MHz SW5 11.65-12.10MHz SW6 13.50-13.90MHz SW7 15.10-15.60MHz SW8 17.60-18.00MHz SW9 21.45-21.85MHz ） Shortwave first intermediate frequency (1st IF): 10.7MHz Shortwave second intermediate frequency (2nd IF): 455kHz; 2. Noise limit sensitivity FM better than 10μV MW better than 1mV/m SW better than 30μV; 3. Single signal selectivity better than 20dB; 4. Power supply DC 4.5V Internal battery 3 No. 5 batteries External power supply 4.5V; 5. Internal speaker ф57mm 16Ω 0.3W; 6. External earphone D3.5mm 7. 389501[/attach] 【Conclusion】 The old “three turns and one sound, with click” are not understood by young people nowadays, but they are the “big items” that are necessary for marriage. “Three turns” – watches, sewing machines, bicycles. “One sound” – radio “Click” – camera. Nowadays, marriage emphasizes “five sons and five wives”! House (a suite over 100 square meters), car (not a bicycle, but a car), money (the more the better, it’s best to marry a rich man), wife (young and beautiful), son (to inherit the property, so that the wealth won’t flow out).

港定

Haha, these ancient objects are hard to see in the real thing.