Interpretation of how dust and water resistance testing of lamps is applied in international standards

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Interpretation of how dust and water resistance testing of lamps is applied in international standards [Copy link]

IEC60529 is a standard document of the International Electrotechnical Commission on the degree of protection of enclosures and equipment inside them. The so-called degree of protection is to use standardized test methods to detect the access of enclosures to dangerous parts, usually expressed by IP codes. The IP code is a coding system used to indicate the level of protection of the enclosure against the access of dangerous parts, the ingress of external solid objects and the ingress of water, and gives information related to these protection levels. The IP code generally consists of a four-digit code. For example, IP23CH, where IP is the international protection code letter; 2 is the first characteristic numeral, indicating the enclosure protection level for access to hazardous parts and external solid objects, which can be represented by numbers from 0 to 6, and can be replaced by X when there is no such feature; 3 is the second characteristic numeral, indicating the protection against water intrusion, which can be represented by numbers from 0 to 8, and can also be replaced by X when there is no such feature; C is an additional letter, indicating the protection level for access to hazardous parts, which can be identified by the four letters A, B, C, and D, but this item can be ignored; H is a supplementary letter, which can be identified by the four letters H, M, S, and W, which can also be ignored. In this article, we focus on the first and second characteristic numerals in the IP code. The first characteristic numeral can be identified by seven digits from 0 to 6, and we can temporarily ignore the second characteristic numeral, additional letters, and supplementary letters, as well as IP0X~IP6X. In the IEC60529 standard, there is a specific description of each level of protection: IP0X - no protection; IP1X - protection against external solid objects with a diameter of ≥50mm; IP2X - protection against external solid objects with a diameter of ≥12.5mm; IP3X - protection against external solid objects with a diameter of ≥2.5mm; IP4X - protection against external solid objects with a diameter greater than 1.0mm; IP5X - protection against dust; IP6X - tight dustproof. The dustproof test of IEC60529 standard is also involved in relevant international and domestic standards. For example, Article 2.3 of IEC60598 General Safety and Requirements Standard for Luminaires requires that luminaires be classified according to dustproof and solid foreign matter proof; GB2423.37-89 Basic Environmental Test Procedure for Electrical and Electronic Products mentions the dust test method; GB/T4942.2-93 Standard for Protection Grade of Low Voltage Electrical Appliance Enclosure; GB7000.1-1996 and GB7001-1986 General Requirements and Test Standards for Luminaires. These standards usually only require IP5X and IP6X tests. The second characteristic numeral can be identified by nine digits from 0 to 8. We will also ignore the first digit and additional letters and supplementary letters for the time being, that is, IPX0~IPX8. In the IEC60529 standard, the description of the waterproof level is as follows: IPX0-no protection; IPX1-vertical drop; IPX2-drip (15° tilt); IPX3-spray; IPX4-splash; IPX5-jet; IPX6-strong jet; IPX7-temporary immersion; IPX8-continuous immersion. The experimental water is required to be clean water. This standard also gives relevant suggestions on what method to use to achieve the purpose of the test, such as IPX1 and IPX2 usually use drip tanks. IPX3 and IPX4 use an oscillating tube or a spray nozzle. The radius of the oscillating tube has 8 options depending on the area of the object being tested. The minimum acceptable diameter is 200mm and the maximum acceptable diameter is 1600mm. It increases in equal increments of 200mm, but the number of holes on the tube varies according to the grade. For example, in the IPX3 grade, 8 holes can be opened for a tube radius of 200mm, while in the IPX4 grade, 12 holes can be opened for a tube radius of 200mm. IPX5 and IPX6 use a water gun, but the inner diameter of the nozzle used for different grades is also different. The inner diameter of the IPX5 nozzle is 6.3mm, and the inner diameter of the IPX6 nozzle is 12.5mm. The distance from the nozzle to the casing is 2.5m~3m. IPX7 and IPX8 use a semi-immersion device, and the IPX7 standard test time is 30MIN. The IEC60529 standard on waterproof testing is also adopted in relevant international standards. For example, the IEC60598 standard for general safety and requirements of lamps mentions the classification of lamps according to their waterproof level; the IEC60335 standard for safety of household and similar electrical appliances and the IEC60034-5:2000 standard for protection level of the overall structure of rotating electrical machines both mention the test of waterproof level. In actual application, how to use some equipment to test the shell of some products is the most practical problem faced by many electronic instrument manufacturers, lamp manufacturers, household appliance manufacturers and other electrical appliance industries. Shanghai Lisun Electronics (LISUN) SC-X dustproof tester and JL-X waterproof tester are two products developed for relevant domestic and foreign customers: SC-X dustproof tester meets the requirements of IEC60529 standard (GB4208-1993) on IP5X and IP6X, and there are various specifications of products to choose from according to the size of the object to be tested. The JL-X waterproof tester meets the requirements of IEC60529 standard (GB4208-1993) for IPX1~IPX8. There are four products to choose from: JL-12 uses a drip test chamber to meet the IPX1 and IPX2 test standards; JL-34 uses a swing pipe and nozzle to meet the IPX2 and IPX3 test standards; JL-56 uses a water pipe plus a nozzle to meet the IPX5 and IPX6 test standards; JL-78 uses a water tank to meet the IPX7 and IPX8 test standards.

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