Introduction to the basic knowledge of single chip microcomputer-EEWORLD

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What is a microcontroller?

A: A single-chip microcomputer that integrates the main functional components of a microcomputer on a single chip is called a single-chip microcomputer. If you say that a single-chip microcomputer is a computer, you may not agree. In fact, it is essentially the same as the computer we use, just the difference between 5 steps and 100 steps. A single-chip microcomputer is also called a single-chip microcontroller. It is not a chip that completes a certain logical function, but a computer system integrated into a chip. In short: a chip becomes a computer.

What parts does a microcontroller consist of?

A: A single-chip microcomputer is a system that has a CPU and program memory, data memory, input / output interface circuit, timer / counter, interrupt controller, analog / digital converter, digital / analog converter, modem and other components on an integrated circuit chip. Its components vary depending on the model.

What are the characteristics of the microcontroller and the single-board computer in terms of composition?

Answer: The biggest difference between a microcontroller and a single-board computer lies in the system composition.

A single-chip microcomputer integrates CPU , program memory, data memory, input / output interface circuit, timer / counter, interrupt controller, analog / digital converter, digital / analog converter, modem and other components on a single integrated circuit chip.

A single-board computer assembles the entire functional system circuit of a microcomputer ( CPU , ROM , RAM , input / output interface circuits and other auxiliary circuits) on a printed circuit board, and then uses printed circuits to connect the various functional chips.

What are the advantages of microcontrollers over single-board computers in terms of performance?

A: In terms of hardware scale, a single-chip microcomputer is equivalent to combining the resources of a basic-scale single-board computer on a single chip, so it has a considerable scale.

In terms of functionality, microcontrollers have surpassed single-board computers.

In terms of instruction system, if we compare the instruction system of the single-chip microcomputer with that of the Z80 , except that the data transmission capability of the single-chip microcomputer is a little weaker, the instruction system of the single-chip microcomputer has greatly surpassed that of the Z80 .

In addition, whether in terms of cost performance, size, or weight, the microcontroller is much superior to the single-board computer.

What are the characteristics of a single chip microcomputer?

(1) On-chip storage capacity is getting larger and larger.

(2) Good anti-interference ability and high reliability.

(3) The chip leads are complete and easy to expand.

(4) High operating speed and strong control function.

(5) The data and information inside the microcontroller can be preserved for a very long time, and some chips can be preserved for more than 100 years.

What are the characteristics of single chip microcomputer application system

answer:

( 1 ) The application system composed of single chip has high reliability.

( 2 ) System configuration specifications.

( 3 ) The control function is predictable and it is easy to change the control scheme.

( 4 ) It has a high cost-effectiveness ratio.

How to use single chip microcomputer

Answer: Simply put, the microcontroller itself is a computer system.

Therefore, as long as some necessary expansion circuits and channel interfaces are added to the periphery of the microcontroller, various application systems can be constructed, such as industrial control systems, data acquisition systems, automatic control systems, automatic testing systems, detection and monitoring systems, intelligent instruments, functional modules, etc.

There are several categories of single chip microcomputer application systems

Answer : According to the microcontroller system expansion and system configuration , the microcontroller application system can be divided into minimum application system, minimum power consumption system, typical application system, etc.

What functions should a typical microcontroller application system have?

Answer: It should have sensor channels, servo control channels, and human-computer dialogue systems for measurement and control purposes.

Reference address：Introduction to the basic knowledge of single chip microcomputer

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