Freescale Microcontroller and MSCAN ----Self-study Notes-EEWORLD

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Overview

Freescale Semiconductor is one of the largest semiconductor companies in the world.

Freescale is the number one supplier of automotive semiconductor microcontrollers (MCUs).

Freescale offers the highest quality Flash memory in the industry.

Freescale's microcontrollers are divided into 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit according to the CPU word length.

Freescale Microcontrollers

Freescale 8-bit microcontroller MC9S08DZ60

It provides more memory and components on a single chip.

The S08DZ series is the flagship of the S08D series, providing Freescale's lowest-cost embedded CAN microcontroller and combining embedded CAN, embedded EPROM and on-chip emulation/debug mode. The single chip integrates all functions, allowing designers to easily switch to their design process.

The MC9S08DZ60 series devices are mainly used in applications that require the integration of CAN networks and embedded EEPROM. It helps users reduce costs, enhance product performance and improve product quality.

MC9S08DZ60 Product Features

(1) 8-bit HCS08 CPU

40MZzHCS08CPU (20MHz bus).

HC08 instruction set, with additional BGND instruction.

Supports up to 32 interrupt/reset sources

(2) On-chip memory

Flash memory that can be read/programmed/erased over the entire operating voltage and temperature range

MC9S08DZ60 is 60KB

MC9S08DZ48 is 48KB

MC9S08DZ32 is 32KB

MC9S08DZ16 is 16KB

The maximum EEPROM online programmable content is 2KB, supporting 8-byte single-page or 4-byte double-page erase partitions, and can perform programming and erasing operations while executing the Flash program: supports erase cancel operation.

Maximum 4KB of random access memory.

(3) Power saving mode

Two ultra-low power stop modes;

Reduce power consumption in standby mode.

Clock interruption at ultra-low power, operable in run, wait and stop modes

(4) Clock source options

Oscillator (XOSC): Closed-loop controlled Pierce oscillator supporting crystal ceramic or ceramic resonators in the range 31.25 - 38.4kHz or 1 - 16MHz.

Multifunction Clock Generator (MCG): PLL and FLL modes (FLL is capable of 1.5 Ω deviation when using internal temperature compensation), internal reference clock source with fine-tuning function, external reference clock source with selectable crystal oscillator or ceramic resonator.

(5) System protection

A watchdog (COP) reset monitors the normal operation of the microcontroller and supports selection of a versatile backup 1KHz content clock source or bus clock operation.

Low voltage detection circuit with reset and interrupt, selectable voltage threshold.

Supports illegal operation address reset.

Support Flash quick protection.

Supports clock signal loss protection.

(6) Development support

Single-wire background debug interface.

On-chip and in-circuit emulation (ICE) with real-time bus capture capability.

(7) Peripheral equipment

ADC: 24 channels, 12-bit resolution, 2.5ms conversion time, automatic comparison function, 1.7mv/degree Celsius sensor, including internal bandgap reference source channel;

ACMPx: Two analog comparators that support rising, falling, or either edge-triggered interrupts on the comparator outputs and can be optionally compared with an internal reference voltage source.

MSCAN: CAN protocol 2.0B and 2.0A; supports standard and extended data frames; supports remote frames; 5 receive buffers with FIFO storage mechanism; flexible receive identifier filters, programmable as follows: 2 x 32 bits, 4 x 16 bits or 8 x 8 bits.

SCIx: Two SCIs, supporting LIN2.0 protocol and SAEJ2602 protocol: Full-duplex: Master node break signal generation; Slave node supports break signal detection; Supports activation edge wake-up.

SPI: full-duplex or single-wire bidirectional; double-buffered transmit and receive: master-slave mode selection: supports high-order first or low-order first shift.

IIC: supports bus baud rates up to 100kb/s: operates in multi-master mode: programmable slave address: uses call address: interrupt driven by byte-by-byte data transfer.

TPMx: One 6-channel (TPM1) and one 2-channel (TPM2): can support input capture/output compare or buffered edge-aligned PWM outputs per channel.

RTC (Real-time Clock Counter): 8-bit modulus counter with binary or decimal prescaler real-time clock function, using external crystal and RTC to ensure precise timing, time, calendar or task scheduling functions; built-in low-power oscillator (1KHZ) for periodic wake-up without the need for external devices.

(8) Input and output

53 general-purpose input/output (I/O) pins and 1 dedicated output pin

24 interrupt pins, each with trigger polarity selection (level).

Voltage hysteresis and configurable pull-up/down devices on all input pins

Configurable output slope and drive level on all input pins

(9) Packaging options

64-pin small quad flat package (LQFP): 10mm x 10mm

48-pin small quad flat package (LQFP): 7mm x 7mm

32-pin small quad flat package (LQFP): 7mm x 7mm

MC9S08DZ60 internal structure

Kernel:

BKP Breakpoint Controller

CPU Central Processing Unit

BDC Background Debug Controller

The GKGD/MS pin is mainly used for background debug controller (BDC) communication

Most interfaces have dual or multiple functions, namely general I/O functions and special interface functions. The multi-function I/O port itself and its control logic are integrated inside the MCU, with good expandability and ease of use.

MCU is just one of the names of various electronic devices, which is often called single-chip microcomputer, also known as micro control unit. Literally speaking, MCU and single-chip microcomputer are sometimes often considered to be one concept, and microprocessor is MPU is another concept. MCU integrates FLASH and RAM, and the program can be run from the on-chip FLASH when powered on. It has fast speed and the program can be encrypted, but it is limited by the large capacity of FLASH and RAM on the chip.

The internal flash memory of MC9S08DZ60 consists of 60KB, which is used to store user programs and data. It is read-only during normal operation and there is no danger of being overwritten.

2KB EEPROM can save configuration, setting information and other semi-permanent data

4KB RAM memory is used for stack, saving intermediate results and dynamic data, and even running or debugging programs on it

SCMPI: Analog Comparator

ADC: 24 channels, 12-bit/module converter

TPM1: 6-channel timer/PWM module

TPM2: 2-channel timer/PWM module

MSCAN: Controller Area Network

SPI: Serial Peripheral Interface Module

ACMP2: Analog Comparator

SCI2: Serial Communication Interface

MCG: Multi-function Clock Manager

RTC: Real Time Counter

Freescale 16-bit microcontroller MC9S12XE100

Freescale S12X series 16-bit microcontrollers use XGATE protocol processors to reduce the burden on the CPU and handle internal interrupt events without CPU intervention

XGATE runs in RAM at twice the clock speed of the CPU, freeing the CPU from time-consuming interrupt task processing and enabling it to focus on application-related tasks. This powerful combination enables optimal real-time event processing and smooth system performance.

MC9S12X Series Microcontroller

Freescale's MC912S series is an enhanced version of the HCS12 series, based on the S12 CPU core, which can reach 2-5 times the performance of the 25MHz HCS12.

The S12 series adds 172 additional instructions to provide paged access capabilities and perform 32-bit calculations

Design goal: To achieve full compatibility with code written in HCS12.

Bus maximum frequency: 50MHz

It has full CAN functionality and improved interrupt handling capabilities.

The CPU of the S12X series is based on a complex instruction set (CISC) architecture, has an integrated interrupt controller, and has a rich addressing mode.

Interrupts have 7 priority levels and the kernel supports priority scheduling, with a maximum of 117 interrupt sources.

S12X can access up to 8MB of total storage space

Features of S12X: Added a parallel processing peripheral processor XGATE module.

XGATE module: is a programmable 16-bit RISC processor that runs at up to 100MHz; it is an intelligent, programmable direct memory access (DMA) module that can perform interrupt processing, communication and data preprocessing, and offload CPU tasks by providing high-speed data processing and transmission between peripheral modules, RAM and I/O ports.

XGATE is a unique, fully independent programmable protocol processor that operates all peripherals and RAM. It can be regarded as a programmable DMA processor, another algorithm execution unit, a configurable watchdog, a real-time interrupt processor, a virtual peripheral, an OS task scheduler, another power saving controller, etc.

MC9S12X currently has the following series: S12XB series, S12XDB series, S12XE series, S12XF series, S12XH series, S12XS series, which are used in automotive CAN bus related products.

MC9S12XE Series Microcontroller Features

The MC9S12E series microcontroller is highly compatible with the MC9S12XD series and improves system integration and many functions.

The MC9S12XE series adds a memory protection unit (MPU), Flash with error correction code (ECC) function and enhanced EEPROM, namely EEEPROM (which can withstand 1 million writes) and a frequency-adjustable phase-locked loop IPLL. In addition, XGATE has also been enhanced, with a frequency of up to 100MHz, and is compatible with XGATE modules on other microcontrollers.

This series provides advanced interrupt functions and faster 12-bit A/D conversion speed.

MC9S12XE Series Microcontroller Features

XGATE coprocessor, which can virtualize external devices and improve overall performance;

Extended programmable EEPROM

System-level support for Memory Protection Unit with supervisor and user modes

S12XCPU at 50MHz bus speed

Memory Protection Unit (MPU)

Loop Control/Full Swing Pierce Oscillator

Enhanced interrupt module

Non-multiplexed External Bus Interface (EBI)

Analog/digital converter (ATD) 12-bit resolution and 3us

Enhanced Capture Timer (ECT)