Analysis on energy-saving application and development trend of LED lighting

　　1. LED energy-saving application theory

　　1. LED structure

　　LED stands for Light Emitting Diode in Chinese. It is a diode made of various compounds such as phosphorus, arsenic, and nitrogen. When electrons and holes recombine, they can radiate visible light. For LED lamps, its core part is a semiconductor chip fixed on a wedge-shaped bracket and two lead frames under the wedge-shaped bracket, one end of which is connected to the positive pole of the power supply and the other end is connected to the negative pole of the power supply.

　　A semiconductor chip consists of three parts:

　　(1) P-type semiconductor components, that is, the components are usually welded on the lead frame connected to the positive pole of the power supply;

　　(2) N-type semiconductor components, that is, the components are usually welded on the lead frame connected to the negative pole of the power supply;

　　(3) PN junction, i.e. the transition layer between the P-type semiconductor component and the N-type semiconductor component. In addition, the above three parts are sealed with epoxy resin containing two or more epoxy groups in the molecule, thus forming an LED lamp.

　　(II) LED light emitting principle

　　LED actually belongs to semiconductor diodes, which can realize the conversion of electrical energy into light energy. Light-emitting diodes also have the unidirectional conductivity of ordinary diodes. When the forward voltage is introduced into the light-emitting diode, the holes injected from the P region to the N region and the electrons injected from the N region to the P region recombine with the electrons in the N region and the holes in the P region within a few microns near the PN junction, and then spontaneous radiation fluorescence will appear. It should be noted that the energy states of electrons and holes in different semiconductor materials are quite different. The amount of energy released when electrons and holes recombine is negatively correlated with the wavelength of the emitted light, that is, the less energy released when electrons and holes recombine, the longer the wavelength of the emitted light; conversely, the more energy released when electrons and holes recombine, the shorter the wavelength of the emitted light.

　　(III) Characteristics of LED

　　Compared with ordinary diodes, LEDs have more significant characteristics, which are: low operating current and voltage; relatively long service life; good shock and vibration resistance, etc. It is precisely because of these characteristics that LEDs are used as light sources or signal displays.

　　(IV) Classification of LEDs

　　LEDs can be divided into many categories based on relevant standards, including ordinary monochrome LEDs, high-brightness LEDs, color-changing LEDs, ultra-high-brightness LEDs, voltage-controlled LEDs, and negative-resistance LEDs. Among them, ordinary monochrome LEDs are the most commonly used. The reason is that ordinary monochrome LEDs, as current-controlled semiconductor devices, not only have low operating currents and voltages, and small volumes, but also have fast response speeds and relatively uniform and stable light emission. At the same time, the wavelength of light determines the color of ordinary monochrome LEDs, and the wavelength of light is closely related to the semiconductor materials used to manufacture the LEDs.

　　2. Current Status of LED Energy Saving Application

　　Due to the many advantages of LED, it is widely used in various industries around the world. Up to now, LED has been maturely applied in many industries in my country and has played a vital positive role. Taking the application of LED in display screens and car lights as an example, the specific performance is as follows:

　　(1) Application of LED in display screen

　　Driven by the rapid development of digital information, the lag of previous display technology has become increasingly prominent. Therefore, effective measures need to be taken to gradually increase the innovation and improvement of display technology, that is, by introducing LED into the display industry, the display can be optimized and upgraded, and at the same time have a series of advantages: first, it is light and thin, and the portability is enhanced; second, the screen brightness and color expression are increased, making it more uniform; third, the power consumption is reduced, the luminous efficiency is high, and the endurance is significantly improved; it is environmentally friendly and pollution-free. (2) Application of LED in car lights

　　Compared with developed countries, the application of LED in my country's automotive market is still in its infancy, and many aspects need to be further matured and improved. The author believes that the application of LED in the automotive market has both advantages and disadvantages. Its advantages are reflected in:

　　First, the service life is longer, that is, if the car lighting uses LED, then under normal circumstances, the car does not need to replace the lamps throughout its life;

　　Second, high efficiency and low energy consumption are in line with the strategic concept of sustainable development;

　　Third, the structure is relatively simple, that is, the internal support structure is sealed with transparent epoxy resin on all sides, and the earthquake resistance is good;

　　Fourth, the light quality is relatively high;

　　Fifth, it meets the low voltage working conditions and is more suitable for automobiles;

　　Sixth, there is no delay in lighting up, and the lighting response speed is fast, which is suitable for fast-moving objects;

　　Seventh, LED occupies a relatively small volume and usually does not affect the overall appearance of the car. Its disadvantages are:

　　First, the cost is relatively high;

　　Second, the light pattern design is difficult;

　　Third, the heat dissipation performance is poor, and light decay is prone to occur;

　　Fourth, the maintenance performance is poor.

　　Looking at many developed countries around the world, the usage rate of automotive LED lights in cars is close to 50%, while the usage rate of automotive LED lights in Chinese auto dealers is still less than 1%. The reason is that the majority of Chinese car users have not been able to fully and accurately recognize the superiority of LED lights , and some low-priced and low-quality LED light products have entered the automobile market, misleading the majority of car users about LED lights, causing many car users to resist LED lights.

　　3. Development trend of LED energy-saving applications

　　At present, since global lighting energy consumption accounts for about one-fifth of the total electricity consumption, starting with lighting energy saving can make an immeasurable contribution to energy conservation and emission reduction. Although LED has been around for decades, its use in the lighting field is still in its infancy. With the rapid advancement of LED lighting technology in recent years and the steady improvement of various performance indicators, its application areas are becoming increasingly extensive, especially in an environment where concerns about the global energy crisis are heating up again, the LED market will receive much attention and favor.

　　The nuclear leakage incident caused by the 2011 earthquake in Japan has increased the concerns of countries around the world about resources and the environment. At the same time, the incident has also had a significant impact on the development and structure of new energy, accelerating the pace of large-scale use of emerging energy such as wind power, photovoltaics and hydropower.

　　As a new type of lighting equipment, LED does have many unique advantages. But it is inevitable that LED itself still has some problems and shortcomings, which still requires us to continue to study and improve it so that LED can play the best effect in our lives.