Design and implementation of a fully digital single-phase inverter based on SPWM control

This paper introduces the design and implementation of a fully digital single-phase inverter based on DSPTMS320LF2407A and using SPWM control technology. Finally, the experimental waveform is given.

Common AC/DC/AC inverters perform frequency conversion and voltage conversion on the output part, and among various inverter control technologies, the most widely used inverter control technology is sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) technology. In the variable frequency speed regulation system, DSP is used as the control chip to realize digital control, which not only improves the system reliability, but also makes the system control precision high, real-time strong, hardware simple, and software programming easy. It is one of the most promising research directions in the variable frequency speed regulation system.

Introduction to TMS320LF2407A chip

TMS320LF2407A is a single-chip DSP controller designed by TI for motor control. It has a high-performance C2XLP core, adopts an improved Harvard structure, and has a four-stage pipeline operation. It not only has a powerful and high-speed computing capability, but also integrates a wealth of motor control peripheral components, such as event managers EVA and EVB, each including 3 independent bidirectional timers; supports the generation of programmable dead-zone control PWM output; 2 of the 4 capture ports can be directly connected to the orthogonal encoding pulses from the photoelectric encoder; 2 independent 10-bit 8-way A/D converters can simultaneously and parallelly complete the conversion of two analog inputs; the serial communication interface on the chip can be used to communicate with the host computer; the serial peripheral port on the chip is used to communicate with peripherals; 40 independently programmable multiplexed I/O ports can be selected as keyboard input and oscilloscope display input/output ports. These provide great convenience for the realization of AC motor variable frequency speed control.

System overall plan and hardware circuit

Figure 1 is a block diagram of the system hardware. In this system, TMS320LF2407A is used as the main control chip, and the inverter uses SPWM modulation control to implement the variable frequency control algorithm. The system hardware consists of the main circuit, display circuit, keyboard input circuit, and detection and protection circuit. The DSP first collects the required frequency signal from the keyboard, then generates the corresponding SPWM signal through calculation, transmits it to the drive circuit through the optical coupler, and then controls the power tube in the inverter bridge to turn on and off. At the same time, it collects relevant signals in the main circuit and determines whether there is a fault output. If there is a fault, the SPWM output of the DSP is turned off, thereby turning off the main circuit.

1. Main circuit composition

Figure 2 shows the main circuit of the system, which consists of three parts: rectifier circuit, filter circuit and inverter circuit. The rectifier circuit is a three-phase uncontrolled rectifier bridge, which rectifies 380 V, 50 Hz AC into pulsating DC. The circuit uses a filter capacitor for filtering to remove voltage ripples. At the same time, the filter capacitor also plays a decoupling role between the rectifier circuit and the inverter to eliminate mutual interference. The average value of the rectified DC voltage is UO=1.35U2≈1.4U2=540 V. U2 is the effective value of the AC side voltage. Considering that the input three-phase power has a 10% fluctuation, UO=500~560 V. The power devices G1, G2, G3, and G4 in the main circuit diagram represent IGBT devices, whose model is MG50Q2YS40, with a withstand voltage of 1,200 V, a control voltage of 20 V, and a current of 50 A. R1 is a current limiting resistor to prevent the impact current from damaging the IGBT. L1 and L3 are common mode filters, HL1 and HL2 are current Hall elements, which are used to detect the current value of the main circuit as the input signal of the protection circuit; in addition, voltage Hall elements are used to detect the voltage value as the input signal of the protection circuit and the voltage feedback signal, forming voltage negative feedback. The four IGBTs controlled by SPWM technology are used for inversion. The output AC power is transformed by the transformer and then filtered by the LC filter to output 220 V variable frequency AC power.

2. Driving and protection circuit

Figure 3 shows the principle of the drive circuit. The inverter circuit power device of this system uses IGBT chips, so the drive circuit uses 4 M57962L drive modules produced by Mitsubishi. The drive module is a hybrid integrated circuit that integrates the drive and overcurrent protection of IGBT. In Figure 3, the 13th pin of M57962L is connected to the PWM1 of DSP (the other 3 M57962L are connected to PWM2, PWM3, and PWM4 respectively), the 14th pin is grounded, and the 1st and 6th pins are connected to the power supply respectively. In addition, M57962L uses low voltage drive, that is, M57962L can only be driven when the 13th pin inputs a negative potential. The advantage of this is to prevent interference. When an interference waveform appears, the M57962L driven by a low level cannot be driven. In addition, during the shutdown process, if the voltage changes too much, a holding phenomenon will occur, causing the IGBT to lose control and causing the upper and lower bridge arms to pass directly. Therefore, an RC buffer circuit is used to suppress overvoltage and voltage change rate du/dt.

Digital implementation of the system

The inverter part of the system adopts the SPWM regular sampling algorithm, and its basic idea is to make the output pulse change according to the sinusoidal law, so as to reduce the harmonic components in the output voltage and make the output voltage closer to a sine wave. In order to facilitate digital implementation, the SPWM pulse sequence is generated by the regular sampling method, and its principle is shown in Figure 4. Because the triangular carrier frequency is much higher than the sine wave frequency, the sinusoidal modulation wave ut within one cycle of the triangular carrier uc is regarded as unchanged. In this way, in one triangular wave cycle, only one sampling at point B is required to make the midpoint of the generated SPWM pulse coincide with the midpoint of the corresponding triangular wave (point A), thereby greatly simplifying the calculation of the SPWM pulse. Assume that the amplitude of uc is 1, and the sinusoidal modulation signal ut=Msinωtt, where O≤M<1 (M is the modulation index). Since △ABC～△EDA, we have:

The sine function value is obtained by table lookup. In addition, N is taken as a multiple of 3 in each segment of synchronous modulation.

Software programming is the core of inverter control circuit design. The system software mainly includes: main program, interrupt service program, PI adjustment program, display program, etc. Figure 5 is the main program flow, and Figure 6 is the interrupt program flow. In the main program, the DSP system and external device initialization, I/O control signal management, and sine wave signal generation and processing are completed. In the interrupt program, current and voltage detection, PI adjustment calculation, calculation of modulation degree M and frequency value under constant voltage-frequency ratio, sine wave processing and assignment of comparator CMPRl are completed.

Figure 7 shows the waveforms of PWM1 and PWM2 of the upper and lower tubes of the same bridge arm. As can be seen from the figure, a dead time of 2μs is set for the upper and lower bridge arms to ensure the safe operation of the inverter circuit. Figure 8 shows the PWM waveform issued by the DSP, (1) and (2) are two complementary pulse signals of equal amplitude and unequal width. The high level is +5 V, the low level is 0V, and the pulse width changes according to the sine law. Since the M57962L chip uses a negative potential drive, a level conversion circuit is required. Figure 9 shows the SPWM waveform of the final drive IGBT (the converted SPWM waveform). It can be seen from the figure that the width of the waveform changes according to the sine law. Figure 10 (a) and (b) are the output voltage waveforms at f=200 Hz and f=300 Hz respectively. The experimental results show that the output voltage waveform has good quality and low total harmonic distortion.

in conclusion

Digital control technology based on DSP can greatly improve the consistency of products, overcome the dispersion of product performance caused by analog control, and enhance the flexibility of control, simplify the system structure, improve the stability and reliability of the entire system, and have good application prospects. This design uses the TMS320LF2407A chip and SPWM control technology to transform the 380 V, 50 Hz AC power supply into an output 220 V, 100-400 Hz adjustable AC power supply. The actual measurement of the prototype shows that the output waveform quality is good, overcoming the shortcomings of large noise, slow response, and severe waveform distortion that occurred when this type of power supply used a large medium-frequency transformer in the past. It is a product with good application prospects.