Problems and design requirements of urban landscape lighting

The means of light expression in decorative and artistic lighting is to use the light expression to beautify the square environment space, use the shape of lamps and the coordination of light and color to make the environment space have a certain atmosphere and artistic conception, reflect a certain style, increase the beauty of the city square, and make the square environment space more in line with people's psychological and physiological requirements, so as to obtain aesthetic enjoyment and psychological balance.

Therefore, in the square lighting design, we should strive to use the expressiveness of light to artistically process the environment space to meet the requirements of people's visual psychological function. Practice has proved that the spatial effect displayed by light, the rendering of square buildings and object shapes by light, the sculptures made by light, and the pictures made by light have very attractive charm and play a rich artistic effect. The

main functions of light expression are:

(1) enriching the content of space. In modern lighting design, the use of light's ups and downs, hidden and hidden, virtual and real, dynamic and static, and the control of light projection angle and range to establish light composition, order, rhythm, etc. can greatly render the changing effect of space, improve space proportion, limit space range, emphasize the center of interest, increase space level, and clarify space orientation. Through the contrast between light and dark, the bright visual effect can be highlighted in a background with low ambient brightness to attract people's visual attention.

(2) Decorative space art. The decorative effect of light can embellish or enhance the artistic effect of space through the shape, texture and arrangement of the lamps themselves. However, only when the choice of lamps is coordinated with the square environment can the decorative expression of light be more effectively reflected. Lighting plays an important role in square construction. The artistic treatment of lighting fixtures plays a role in icing on the cake and finishing touches on the square environment, making the square environment space reflect various atmospheres and interests and reflecting the style of the square. In addition to the shape of the lighting fixtures, the expressiveness of light is also integrated with the shape and color of the square space. When the light shines on the environmental facilities such as buildings, water bodies, plants, etc. in the square environment, the rhythm of the beauty of these facilities is revealed with the help of light and shadow effects. If the light and color factors are further considered, this rhythm of beauty will add a magical artistic conception. When the lights are combined with the water flow in the square, especially with the sound-controlled fountain, the flashing points of broken light and the strings of jumping light beads add a wonderful and colorful artistic charm to the square space.

1. Existing problems of the night space environment of urban squares

1.1. One of the existing problems

The planning and design of the urban square lighting environment is closely related to the social and economic development model. The rapid development of cities, society and economy in China has led to a sharp change in the scale and spatial form of urban squares. As people's market concepts have matured, people are increasingly keen on the transformation of the night environment of urban squares.

However, since the beginning of the 21st century, China is still in a period of development, the level of urban development is uneven, and the planning and design of the urban square lighting environment is restricted in all aspects when the economic development level of some cities is not allowed. Specifically, the capital investment in the urban square lighting environment is large, and it is included in the planning and design of the entire urban lighting environment. Just lighting up the urban square cannot form an overall beauty. The urban lighting environment also consumes a lot of electricity and energy. In today's energy shortage, this seems to be contrary to the international social theme of energy conservation. Therefore, some people believe that the lighting environment of urban squares causes waste of economy and energy, and question the necessity of planning and designing the transformation of the lighting environment of urban squares.

1.2. Existing Problem 2

At present, in many cities in China, the night space environment of squares is still dominated by a single lighting function, while ignoring the psychological and physiological needs of the main body of the square-people. In some cities, squares are only used as places for people's activities during the day, and the night lighting is barely illuminated. Sometimes even the basic number of lighting fixtures cannot be guaranteed, which is far from the quality requirements of the modern urban nightscape environment. Some cities unilaterally believe that to improve the night economy, it is enough to improve the lighting environment of the commercial street. As a result, the general public is faced with commercial and downtown areas, but the squares are very depressed, which invisibly causes the single outdoor environment of citizens at night.

1.3. Existing Problem 3

In some economically developed areas, urban squares have become the preferred area for people's night life. Even if these urban squares have been "lit up", there are also different degrees of abuse or improper use of light. The problem of light pollution in the square at night is becoming more and more serious, which greatly affects the quality of people's night life. Nowadays, the concept of image building has penetrated into people's minds. In order to expand the popularity of their own image, some enterprises and even some governments and individuals have set up their own billboards and advertising towers in city squares without any planning or design. The final result of their combination is that they unconsciously lose the city image, pollute the night environment of the city square, and cause great harm to the citizens.

1.4. Existing Problem 4

Although some cities in China have realized the importance of developing the night landscape of the square and have done a lot of practical work. However, the square design in China in the past generally did not consider the lighting environment of the square, especially the artistic lighting environment. Even if some squares have necessary lighting at night, it is an "external object" added after the main body of the square is completed. The spontaneous and disorderly development without overall planning and artistic effect design and coordinated management will produce some counterproductive results. Such as light pollution, damage to the ecological environment, and even affect traffic safety.

1.5. Existing Problem 5

Public lighting was originally introduced into urban areas as a means to reduce crimes against people and property. Today, crime and vandalism are still a major problem in many public places and square environments. In many city squares, there are more or less fraud, theft, sabotage and even terrorist crimes. Even in cities with very strong modern civilization, there are still such problems in public areas and squares. For example, in some squares in Shenzhen, due to insufficient lighting, people may be stolen when they are resting in the square. Many surveys have shown that good lighting can reduce these negative aspects of social life.

2. City Square Environment Design Objectives

Image, function and environment are the basic contents of modern square lighting planning and design. These are the three aspects that we should consider when evaluating the planning and design of the city square lighting environment, and the factors we should consider in the process of city square lighting environment design. The first is scope and scale. The form and scale of the square are different, and the methods of lighting environment planning and design are also different. The second is the status quo and positioning. Positioning mainly refers to the location of the city square lighting environment we design in the city or region. Is it facing the whole city or a district? Style is also a content of positioning. In fact, positioning has some relationship with function, image, style, etc. Positioning also includes a content, namely, standards, whether it is of international standards or functions that are more in line with local standards, mainly considering people's use; style, including whether it is European style or more traditional Chinese garden style; whether it is relatively open and spacious, or relatively closed and hidden. These are analyzed according to specific circumstances.

The appearance of urban squares can be closed or open, and the shapes can be regular geometric shapes or irregular shapes combined with natural terrain. With the improvement of living standards and the acceleration of the pace of life, people pay more attention to the fun and humanization of urban public spaces. People's requirements for open square spaces are no longer simply pursuing artificial visual order and solemn and majestic artistic effects, but hope that it will become a comfortable, convenient, safe, rich spatial composition, and beautiful lighting environment to meet people's increasing physiological and psychological needs. Therefore, this point should be fully recognized when planning and designing the square lighting environment.

The lighting environment construction of the city square should first be designed in accordance with the nature, scale and main functions of the square, so that the square can better play its role. The buildings around the city square are usually important buildings and the main symbols of the city. The lights should be fully utilized to match and set off the building groups as a means of spatial connection. Make the space environment of the city square at night more colorful and full of vitality. The lighting environment layout of the city square should also consider the scale and space scale of the square, so that the lights can better decorate and set off the square, beautify the square, improve the microclimate of the square, and provide citizens with a comfortable, convenient and lively night activity place.

3. Requirements for the design of artistic lighting for urban square environments

3.1. Artistic lighting work that requires integrity and coordination

Although from some local (i.e. microscopic) perspectives, there is a lack of artistic connotation and rhythm. Night landscapes are mainly processed artistically by lighting. So, how to appropriately use artistic techniques to express the microscopic, how to deal with the artistic connection between microscopic and microscopic, microscopic and macroscopic, which is integrated and integrated, requires the organized artification of general lighting.

3.2. Application of novel light sources and lighting equipment

The development and application of new light sources and lighting equipment also provide a broad space for imagination and reproduction for artistic lighting, becoming an important factor affecting the urban lighting environment, and has received people's attention and welcome. With the deepening of electronic technology and gas discharge research, various gas discharge lamp technologies with high power, high light efficiency, wide color spectrum, easy control, energy saving and safety have become increasingly mature and have been used more and more widely. Taking laser as an example, at present, although laser-acting artistic lighting sources have been applied to urban squares, their application is not yet popular due to the complexity of technology and equipment. In fact, lasers, like optical fibers and other new light sources, have just begun to be used in a larger range, and they still need to be continuously improved and enhanced. These new lighting sources, which are not widely used at present, are bound to become common light sources with large-scale and widespread application in the future, thus driving the change of design ideas in the lighting design industry.

3.3 Application of control technology

Compared with the past, designers now have undergone tremendous changes from design to actual operation, and modern control technology has become a huge driving force for the development of architectural environment art. On the one hand, the computerization of design, calculation and rendering, especially the computer simulation of models and color effects, enables designers of artistic lighting to create their own works in a more realistic environment and adjust the overall design. In the computer, when the light source is placed in different positions, the screen can display three-dimensional graphics and effects such as color, shadow and highlight. For lighting rendering, this will be more realistic and detailed than the effect of hand-drawn, so that it can communicate with users more closely and easily modify the plan; on the other hand, the development of automatic control technology also enables designers to create control effects and wonderful lighting landscapes in practice that were completely impossible to implement in the past, thereby greatly enriching the artistic expression of lighting.

3.4. Energy-saving design

In the design of urban environment art lighting and the implementation of urban lighting environment projects, energy saving remains an eternal theme. While comprehensively applying various energy sources and equipment and coordinating them, a large number of LED cold light sources and solar energy should be used.