Application of Finger Vein Authentication Technology in Access Control System

Biometrics Technology Overview

With the rapid development of computer network information technology and the trend of global economic integration, the protection of personal information has become increasingly important. How to choose a reasonable authentication technology is a necessary factor to ensure information security. Early authentication technology was based on personal passwords, but the probability of passwords being cracked or peeped at is getting higher and higher. Later, smart IC cards appeared, but this authentication method also has the security risk of being copied or stolen.

Biometric authentication technology will drive important changes in the IT industry in the next few years. This technology uses computers to identify personal identities using the inherent physiological or behavioral characteristics of the human body. Biometrics include fingerprint recognition, iris recognition, face recognition, palm print recognition, vein recognition, voice recognition, signature recognition, handwriting recognition, hand shape recognition, and multiple biometrics. Biometrics have the advantages of being difficult to forget and lose, difficult to forge and steal, and can be "carried with you" and used anytime and anywhere. It has attracted worldwide attention and has been applied to various fields such as identity authentication, access management, security monitoring, e-commerce, and e-government.

Looking at the development history of biometric technology, in the late 1960s, someone in the United States proposed using computer image processing and pattern recognition methods to analyze fingerprints instead of manual comparison. This was the initial fingerprint recognition technology. Since the 1990s, palm recognition, face recognition, and iris recognition products have also entered the market. Although each authentication technology has its own advantages and disadvantages, they have also occupied a certain market share.

With the release of finger vein biometric authentication products on the market, a new technology in the field of biometric authentication has been born. Finger vein authentication technology achieves authentication purposes by performing live recognition on the vein images of the finger. It has high security, high recognition rate, and is easy to use. These advantages have made it quickly recognized by the market. Finger vein recognition technology is widely used in financial systems, access control systems, computer security and other fields.

Finger vein authentication system principle

Medical research has shown that the shape of finger veins is unique and stable, that is, each person's finger vein pattern is different, and the vein patterns of different fingers of the same person are also different. The shape of finger veins in healthy adults no longer changes.

The certification process consists of four steps:

1. Vein scanning: LED emits near-infrared light on one side of the finger, which penetrates the finger, and the camera captures the vein image on the other side of the finger;

2. Image correction: adjust the image position and angle to meet the certification specifications;

3. Feature extraction: Based on the above-obtained image, extract the vein distribution image and obtain the feature map (see Figure 2);

4. Image comparison and matching: Compare the feature map obtained above with the original template in the database and calculate the correlation. If they match, the authentication is passed, otherwise the authentication is rejected.

Finger vein authentication has many advantages

Existing biometric authentication mainly includes fingerprint recognition, iris recognition, facial recognition technology, signature recognition technology, voice recognition technology, palm shape recognition technology, finger vein recognition technology, palm vein recognition technology, etc. Although biometric authentication has its inherent advantages, each type of recognition has its own disadvantages.

As a highly secure and easy-to-use authentication method, finger vein authentication technology has the following outstanding features that distinguish it from other biometric authentication technologies:

1. High security

The principle of the finger vein authentication system is to match the vein pattern inside the finger. Because the veins are hidden inside the finger, they are extremely difficult to copy and steal. Compared with other technologies that use external features of the human body for authentication, this method is more secure. At the same time, vein authentication can sense the blood flow and blood pressure in the finger, and can perform liveness detection during the identification process.

2. High accuracy

The sample is taken inside the human body, so the matching process is very little interfered by the outside world. Finger vein authentication is very accurate. According to strict medical proof and mathematical statistics, the FRR (false rejection rate) is less than 0.01%, the FAR (false acceptance rate) is less than 0.0001%, and the FTE (failed login) is 0%.

3. Uniqueness

According to medical evidence, the distribution of finger veins is completely different between different people. The distribution of veins in the left and right hands is also different. Even if twins have the same fingers, the distribution of veins is different. And the distribution of finger veins does not change after adulthood. For minors, when their finger veins change with age, it only takes 30 seconds to complete the re-registration.

4. Contactless

Compared with some biometric technologies, finger vein recognition technology is contactless and more hygienic in public places.

5. Small sample files

Since the veins of fingers are relatively stable and easy to photograph, a low-resolution camera can be used to meet the sampling requirements. The generated vein template file is small and the matching speed is fast.

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Finger vein authentication is widely used

With the development of modern biotechnology, modern security systems require the original access control system using keys or cards to be transformed into a high-security and high-reliability system based on human characteristics. Finger vein authentication is widely used in the field of access control security due to its advantages such as high security, high accuracy, unique authentication, and contactless authentication, providing an ideal security solution for everything from office environments to residential environments.

Company, factory

The office environment is the most widely used area for access control systems, and places higher requirements on security. Currently, most companies and factories use IC card access control systems, but there are the following shortcomings:

Employees need to carry their IC cards with them, which may be lost or damaged;

For large companies or factories with thousands of employees, each employee needs to be equipped with an IC card, which will increase the cost of the system and the complexity of the workflow;

Since IC cards are not interdependent with human biometrics, employees often punch in for others, causing confusion in the management of companies and factories.

The access control system using biometric authentication technology is more convenient for employees to use, and does not require employees to use or carry additional authentication marks, such as passwords, IC cards, etc.

Fingerprint technology was first used in access control systems, but the fingerprint recognition method itself has serious safety risks. This biological feature exposed to the outside of the human body is easy to be copied. In addition, in places with many users such as companies, the contact fingerprint authentication method does not meet the hygiene requirements. Compared with fingerprint technology, the access control system that uses finger vein authentication technology is more convenient, hygienic and more humane.

At present, some important departments of enterprises have applied iris recognition technology. We know that this technology, like finger veins, is a biological feature hidden inside the human body, so it is extremely difficult to copy and not easily affected by the outside world. However, the iris recognition system requires scanning the eyeballs of the user, which will make the user feel a certain resistance, and it is not convenient for users who wear glasses to use it.

In actual usage environments, the finger vein authentication system can be combined with the enterprise security system and attendance system to record employee entry and exit management logs in detail, which can be queried according to different query conditions and alarm when danger occurs.

Public Places

With the development of society and the acceleration of the pace of life, the flow of people in public places such as office building halls and libraries is increasing. Controlling the normal operation of these places and ensuring public safety have become important tasks for management agencies. The number of people in such places is greater than the number of employees in a certain enterprise, and the use of IC card access management devices will result in lower efficiency.

Currently, finger vein scanning has been applied in the Hitachi Tower in Singapore, which has nearly 2,000 employees from various companies. During rush hour, the fast-authentication finger vein scanning system solves congestion and upgrades the Hitachi Tower to a high-security public place.

Intelligent Building Systems

In recent years, China's real estate market has developed rapidly, and people's requirements for housing have become higher and higher, expecting a comfortable, convenient and safer living environment. While people enjoy the high-quality life brought by high technology, the safety of the living environment has become the foundation of all this. At present, some high-end residences have used IC cards to control electronic locks. However, the elderly and children often forget to bring their cards, which causes some inconvenience to residents' lives. In addition, the use of IC cards is more likely to be copied or stolen by people with ulterior motives, causing property losses and even affecting personal safety.

The smart building system that uses the finger vein authentication system can bring a more convenient and safe living experience to residents. When the owner returns home, he only needs to gently insert his finger into the vein authentication system. The system can verify the validity and record the entry and exit logs, and can even link the finger vein authentication system with the elevator in the smart building system. When the user inserts his finger at the lobby door and passes the authentication, the elevator will automatically descend to the first floor, and when the resident enters the elevator, it will automatically run to the resident's floor according to the records in the finger vein authentication system database. During the whole process, residents can return home quickly and conveniently without pressing any buttons. This will be a brand new life experience.

Similar to the smart home system, applying the finger vein authentication system to hotel management will also be very convenient and can effectively improve the hotel's security management level.