Ten basic concepts of filters that RF engineers must know!
Filters are one of the basic tools for RF designers, as they only allow certain frequencies or frequency bands to pass through. Almost all RF projects involve filters. RF engineers are sure to know all of the following ten concepts. Are there any that you are not familiar with?
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Attenuation : The loss in amplitude of a signal after it passes through an RF filter, usually expressed in decibels (dB).
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Cut-off frequency : Usually considered to be the point where the filter frequency response drops by 3 dB.
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Group Delay : A filter phase parameter relative to frequency. Group delay is measured in seconds and can be thought of as the propagation time delay of an amplitude modulated signal envelope as it passes through an RF filter.
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Insertion Loss : The loss of signal power due to component insertion.
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Isolation : To prevent unintended interaction between signals (for example, sending and receiving), separate two signals
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numbers are isolated from each other.
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Quality Factor : The quality factor is a measure of the selectivity of a resonant circuit and is expressed as the ratio of the energy stored to the energy lost per reciprocating cycle.
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Passband : The region through which signals pass relatively unattenuated.
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Ripple : The variation of insertion loss in the passband region.
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Selectivity : A measure of a filter's ability to pass or reject specific frequencies relative to the filter's center frequency. Usually, selectivity is expressed as the loss that occurs when a signal passes through the filter at some specific frequency difference relative to the filter's center frequency.
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Stopband : The frequency band in which a filter achieves a specified out-of-band rejection frequency, expressed in decibels.
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In the global RF spectrum, the space between frequency bands is shrinking, while interference is increasing.
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