555 timing circuit and its application I. Training objectives 1. Be familiar with the working principle of basic timing circuit and the influence of timing elements on oscillation period and pulse width; 2. Master the method of using 555 integrated timer to construct timing circuit. II. Training content 1. Use 555 timer to construct multivibrator; 2. Use 555 timer to construct monostable trigger; 3. Use 555 timer to construct Schmitt trigger to realize waveform shaping. III. Training elements 555 timer pin and function table Input Output Reset R0 TR TH Q Transistor state 1 On Off Off On On Off IV. Training principles and steps (I) Principle 555 timer is a medium-scale integrated circuit. As long as it is equipped with several resistors and capacitors on the outside, it can easily construct Schmitt trigger, monostable trigger and multivibrator. The power supply voltage of 555 is 4.5~18V, and the driving current is relatively large, generally 200mA, which is compatible with TTL and COMS logic levels. 1. 555 forms a multivibrator as shown in Figure 9.1. When the power is turned on, the capacitor charges and UC increases. When it rises to 2/3VCC, the output changes from 1 to 0. At this time, the internal discharge tube is turned on, the capacitor discharges through the discharge tube, and UC decreases. When the voltage drops to 1/3, the output changes from 0 to 1, the discharge tube is turned off, and the capacitor starts to charge again, generating a pulse signal. Figure 9.1 555 forms a multivibrator Figure 9.2 555 forms a Schmitt trigger Figure 9.3 555 forms a monostable trigger 2. 555 forms a Schmitt trigger as shown in Figure 9.2. Connecting the two input pins TH (6) and TR (2) together, it becomes an inverter with Schmitt characteristics. When the input voltage is higher than 2/3VCC, the trigger changes from 1 to 0. When the input voltage is lower than 1/3VCC, the trigger changes from 0 to 1. 2/3VCC is called the upper threshold voltage UT+, 1/3VCC is called the lower threshold voltage UT-, and UT+ -UT- is called the hysteresis voltage. The Schmitt trigger can transform sine waves and triangle waves into rectangular waves. It can also identify the amplitude of the input random pulse. 3. 555 constitutes a monostable trigger as shown in Figure 9.3. When the trigger signal ui is high, the trigger is in the steady state 0 state, and the internal discharge tube is turned on. Now give a negative trigger pulse. Since the level of the TR(2) pin is lower than 1/3VCC, the output state changes from 0 steady state to 1 transient state, the discharge tube is cut off, the capacitor starts to charge, and the potential of the TH(6) pin increases. When it exceeds 2/3VCC, the trigger changes from 1 transient state back to 0 steady state. (II) Training steps and requirements 1. 555 timer function test input output reset R0 TR(2) TH(6) Q LED state Figure 9.4 Function test circuit Connect the circuit according to the circuit shown in Figure 9.4, connect the 2nd and 6th pins to the logic level respectively, and connect the output end to the LED tube. According to the state combination shown in the table, give the logic level to pins 2 and 6 respectively, observe the state of the LED tube, fill in the function of 555 in the table, and compare it with the function table to determine whether it is consistent. 2. Connect the circuit of the multivibrator according to Figure 9.1, connect the LED tube and the oscilloscope to the output end, turn on the power, observe the waveform of the LED tube and the oscilloscope, change the R value, and observe the change of the output waveform. Then change the capacitor value, observe the change of the output waveform, and read the frequency of the corresponding waveform in the oscilloscope. Fill it in the table and compare it with the theoretical calculated value. Frequency f Actual value Theoretical calculated value R1=10K R2=2K C1=0.1μF R1=100K R2=2K C1=0.1μF R1=100K R2=2K C1=10μF 3. Connect the circuit of the Schmitt trigger according to Figure 9.2, the input voltage effective value is 4V, the frequency is a sine wave signal of 5KHZ, and the output end is connected to a dual-trace oscilloscope. Turn on the power, observe the waveform displayed by the oscilloscope, and draw the waveform diagram of the input and output signals. 4.555 constitutes a monostable trigger. Use 555 to constitute a monostable trigger with a delay of 1 second. If the capacitor is selected as 10uF, calculate the resistance value of resistor R, and connect the circuit according to Figure 9.3. The input end is connected to the logic switch, and the output end is connected to the LED tube. After the power is turned on, the circuit works in the stable state 0 state. If a negative pulse is given to the input end, the monostable circuit is triggered, and the state changes to the temporary stable state. After the temporary stable state ends, it automatically returns to the stable state 0 state. Change the capacitor or resistor by yourself and observe the change in the time that the LED tube is on. Draw the waveform diagram of the trigger signal and the output signal.
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