Research on Silicon Nitride and Silicon Carbide and Their Composite Double-layer Anti-reflection Films Abstract Improving the conversion efficiency of solar cells has always been a hot topic in the research of the solar photovoltaic industry. Forming an anti-reflection film on the surface of solar cells is one of the effective ways to improve its conversion efficiency. At present, the anti-reflection film of solar cells in practical applications mainly adopts SiNx anti-reflection film prepared by plasma chemical vapor deposition method, but there are safety hazards due to the use of silane gas in the production process. The use of magnetron sputtering can avoid the occurrence of the above problems and prepare amorphous SiNx film under low temperature environment; in addition, since the anti-reflection effect of double-layer anti-reflection film is significantly better than that of single-layer anti-reflection film, and SiC film has been widely used in the window layer of solar cells, it has good optical, mechanical properties, radiation resistance and passivation ability. Using them as double-layer anti-reflection film materials and studying their organizational structure, morphological characteristics, mechanical and optical properties are of great significance to improving the service life of solar cells. In this paper, quartz glass and stainless steel are used as substrate materials, and the method of RF magnetron sputtering SiC and SiNx ceramic targets is adopted. By changing the deposition conditions such as sputtering time, sputtering power, and working pressure, a series of SiC and SiNx films are prepared. The SiC/SiNx double-layer anti-reflection film designed by TCFCAL optical thin film design software is used. The microstructure, mechanical and optical properties of the film are studied using a scratch tester, UV-visible spectrophotometer, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM), ellipsometry and other equipment. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) SiNx film samples must contain Si-N2-Si2 bonding structures, while SiC films mainly exist in the form of Si-C bonds and may contain Si-CH bonds; SiNx, SiC films and SiC/SiNx double-layer anti-reflection films all exist in amorphous structures and may contain microcrystalline structures. Among them, SiC film has a weak (111) diffraction peak at a diffraction angle of 35.6°, and SiC/SiNx double-layer anti-reflection film may have a diffraction peak near a diffraction angle of 22°. After 1000℃ vacuum annealing, the amorphous structure of SiNx and SiC films is stable and has good high-temperature stability. (2) In the sputtering power range of 100W~175W, the grains of SiNx and SiC films grow in columnar or granular forms and are all elliptical. High-temperature annealing can significantly improve the SiNx and SiC films. The surface structure of the film can greatly reduce its surface root mean square roughness Rrms and help to refine the grains, obtaining a smoother, more uniform and dense film. When the sputtering power is 125W, the grain refinement effect of the SiNx film is particularly obvious. At a sputtering power of 100W, the SiNx films under different argon pressures all show a good film structure, good particle size uniformity, and good film density. Smooth and dense SiNx films can be prepared at a sputtering pressure of 1.0Pa. In the sputtering power range of 75W to 175W, the overall change of the particle size of the SiC film shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of the sputtering power. However, the sputtering power at which the maximum particle size appears under different argon pressure conditions is different. As the sputtering time increases, the particle diameter and roughness of the SiC/SiNx film increase. (3) SiNx, SiC The composite microhardness of the film increases with the increase of sputtering power, and the film-base bonding strength also shows an increasing trend. When the sputtering power is 150W, their hardness changes significantly. The film-base bonding strength and composite microhardness change curves are similar. (4) The growth rate of SiNx and SiC films in the sputtering power range of 75W to 175W increases with the increase of sputtering power, but the growth rate of SiNx film increases linearly from 6.440nm·min-1 to 13.052nm·min-1. The growth rate of SiC film suddenly slows down at a sputtering power of 150W. The refractive index of SiNx and SiC films also increases with the increase of sputtering power. The refractive index of SiNx film remains in the range of 1.72 to 2.25. The refractive index of SiC film varies in the range of 1.71 to 2.95, and the refractive index of the film does not change much at a lower sputtering power. (5) SiNx The transmittance of the anti-reflection film is better under the conditions of 100W sputtering power and 2.0Pa argon pressure, while the transmittance of the SiC single-layer anti-reflection film is better under the sputtering process of 125W and 3.0Pa; the SiNx film has a transmittance of up to 85% when the sputtering power is 100W, and the SiC film has a better transmittance performance near the sputtering power of 125W. They all have better transmittance performance when the argon pressure is 2.0Pa, and the transmittance of the films after annealing treatment decreases. The transmittance decreases with the increase of annealing temperature; (6) The theoretical design shows that the SiC/SiNx double-layer film has the best anti-reflection effect when the film thickness of SiC and SiNx is 76.4nm and 106.8nm respectively.
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