GSM Protocol Basic Lecture GSM Mobile Communication and Protocol Stack Basic Knowledge Lecture Communication Research Institute Chen Hao 1. Basic Concepts of Signaling People must send operation commands through the switch to connect a call. Figure 1 shows the basic signaling process for two users to connect a call through two end offices. Calling originating switch Receiving switch Called party starts calling (off-hook) Send dial tone Dial signaling Seized signaling Select signaling Ringback tone signaling Ringing signaling Answer (off-hook) Answer signaling Call recovery (on-hook) Backward on-hook signaling Recovery (on-hook) Forward disconnect signaling Disconnect confirmation signaling User line signaling Inter-office signaling User line signaling Figure 1 Basic signaling process for connecting a call The above...
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