Circuit Design Guidelines and Working Voltage of Electrolytic Capacitors Circuit Design Guidelines and Working Voltage of Electrolytic Capacitors When selecting electrolytic capacitors and applying them in specific circuits, many factors need to be considered to achieve the best application strategy and prevent the capacitors from failing prematurely. The following are the factors that should be considered for electrolytic capacitors in application design: (1) Type selection: The correct type selection must be made based on the actual use environment and requirements. There are several types to choose from under a certain specification, such as standard type, long life type, compact type, low ESR type, high and low temperature type, low leakage current type, long life type, etc. Good suppliers will develop some types based on type differentiation to help users make reasonable and correct type selections based on the use environment. (2) Specification utilization rate: The operating temperature and ripple must be guaranteed to be within the range set in the specification. (3) Parameter uncertainty considerations: It is necessary to fully consider the characteristics that some key parameters of electrolytic capacitors will vary depending on the application frequency and temperature; (4) Life considerations: When designing a circuit, the selection of capacitors must consider the calculation of life - compared with the design life of the product, the design life of the capacitor should be slightly redundant. (5) Polarity distinction: Electrolytic capacitors are polarized capacitors. When designing, it is necessary to consider that the circuit cannot have reverse voltage applied to it. For applications where reverse voltage may occur, consider using bipolar electrolytic capacitors. Note: Even bipolar electrolytic capacitors are not suitable for AC voltage applications. (6) Charge and discharge shock: For applications with repeated rapid current charge and discharge circuits (such as camera flash circuits), it is necessary to consider choosing special capacitors suitable for this application, or consult the supplier. (7) Voltage safety: Ensure that no excessive voltage (higher than the rated voltage UR of the capacitor) is applied to the capacitor. It is particularly important to note that the peak voltage caused by the ripple current superimposed on the DC voltage cannot exceed the rated voltage. When using more than two capacitors in series, the possible voltage peaks on each capacitor after voltage distribution must be considered. (8) Electrical insulation: Electrolytic capacitors should be electrically insulated as follows: the aluminum shell and cathode foil of the electrolytic capacitor are separated by the oxide layer and electrolyte naturally formed in the aluminum shell (their resistance is not fixed); the aluminum shell and the negative terminal (except for some special models); the aluminum shell and the positive terminal; the aluminum shell and the negative circuit board line. External insulation sleeves often do not guarantee qualified electrical insulation performance. Therefore, when there is an insulation requirement, when...
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