DOS is a microcomputer disk operating system (Disk Operation System). The operating system is a collection of programs used to control and manage the hardware resources of the computer and facilitate user use. Since these software programs are placed on the hard disk or floppy disk, and their main functions are file management and input and output device management, it is called a disk operating system. The disk operating system is the interface for input and machine interaction. Users use and operate the computer through the operating system. All DOS software uses the basic platform. DOS consists of three levels of program files and a BOOT boot program. Three levels of module files: I0.SYS input/output management system MSDOS-SYS file management system COMMAND.COM command processing system DOS and ROMBIOS provide a large number of system service programs that can be used directly by users. ROMBIOS (ROM Basic Input and Output System) is a basic input/output program solidified in the read-only memory ROM. It can directly control the upgrade of external devices, including system testing, initialization boot program, and service programs for controlling I/O devices. Generally speaking, users can control the hardware of the PC in four ways: The first is to use the corresponding function statements of high-level languages for control. The second is to use the function programs provided by DOS to control the hardware. The third type is to use ROMBIOS program to control the hardware. This is a low-level control and requires the programmer to have a deep understanding of the hardware. The fourth type is to use assembly language programming to control directly, but it requires the programmer to be familiar with the address function of the I/O device. 4.4.2DOS system function call The MS-DOS operating system provides programmers with soft interrupt handlers that can be directly called. Each interrupt handler completes a specific functional operation. The appropriate handler is selected according to the programming needs, and the programmer does not need to rewrite the program. These function handlers use the INT n soft interrupt instruction. Each time a different soft interrupt instruction with type code n is executed, an interrupt handler is executed. The main functions of this type of function program are: ① disk read/write control ② memory management, file operation and directory management ③ basic input/output (keyboard, printer and display control), in addition to date, time, etc.
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