Single-mode optical fiber can be considered as non-birefringent under normal circumstances. However, when the optical fiber is subjected to bending, lateral pressure and torsion, the optical fiber produces linear birefringence and circular birefringence due to the photoelastic effect. This paper discusses the induced birefringence of single-mode optical fiber due to various effects, derives the calculation formula of birefringence under different conditions, and analyzes the differences. At the same time, it also preliminarily analyzes the application of various birefringence effects in actual systems. Keywords Single-mode optical fiber birefringence sensor
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