Battery charging methods and modern battery technology Battery applications have never been more widespread than today. Batteries are becoming smaller, lighter, and can hold more energy per unit volume. The main driving force behind battery development is the development of portable devices (mobile phones, laptops, camcorders, MP3 players). This article provides an overview of charging methods and modern battery technology to better understand batteries used in portable devices. This includes a description of nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), and lithium-ion (Li+) battery chemistries. This article also describes protection devices for single-cell lithium-ion and lithium-ion polymer batteries. Battery Definition Batteries are called energy storage systems, which also include freewheeling and clock sources. From the perspective of modern technology, batteries are usually portable devices that generate electrical energy from self-storing chemical systems. Dischargeable batteries (called non-rechargeable or primary batteries) generate electrical energy from a chemical reaction that constantly changes the battery. Discharging a disposable battery causes a permanent and irreversible change in the battery\'s chemistry. Rechargeable batteries, on the other hand, are called secondary batteries, which are charged by a charger and discharged in the application. Therefore, secondary batteries can generate energy and store energy multiple times. The charge or discharge current (amperes) is usually expressed as a multiple of the rated capacity (called the C rate). For example, a battery rated at 1 ampere per hour (1Ah) has a C/10 discharge current of 1Ah/10 = 100mA. The rated capacity (Ah or mAh) of a battery is the amount of electricity it can store (produce) when fully charged under specific conditions. Therefore, the total energy of a battery is the capacity times the voltage, which is measured in watt-hours.
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