Analysis and layout of differential signal lines Analysis and layout of differential signal lines With the rapid increase in the speed requirements in recent years, new bus protocols have continuously proposed higher speeds. Traditional bus protocols can no longer meet the requirements. Serial buses have been favored by many designers due to their better anti-interference performance, fewer signal lines, and higher speeds. Serial buses are mostly differential signals. So in this article, some design and discussion on differential signal lines are sorted out. 1. The principle and advantages and disadvantages of differential signal lines Differential signals are increasingly widely used in high-speed circuit design. The most critical signals in the circuit often use differential structure design. What makes it so popular? How can its good performance be guaranteed in PCB design? With these two questions, we will discuss the next part. What is a differential signal? In layman\'s terms, the driver sends two equal and opposite signals, and the receiver determines the logic state \"0\" or \"1\" by comparing the difference between the two voltages. The pair of traces that carry differential signals is called differential traces. Compared with ordinary single-ended signal routing, the most obvious advantages of differential signals are reflected in the following three aspects: a. Strong anti-interference ability: Because the coupling between the two differential routings is very good, when there is noise interference from the outside, it is almost coupled to the two lines at the same time, and the receiving end only cares about the difference between the two signals, so the common mode noise from the outside can be completely offset. b. Effectively suppress EMI: In the same way, since the polarity of the two signals is opposite, the electromagnetic fields they radiate to the outside can offset each other. For example, the current in AA is from right to left, and that in BB is from left to right. Then according to the right-hand screw rule, their magnetic lines of force cancel each other out. The tighter the coupling, the more magnetic lines of force cancel each other out. The less electromagnetic energy is released to the outside. c. Accurate timing positioning: Since the switching change of the differential signal is located at the intersection of the two signals, unlike the ordinary single-ended signal that relies on the high and low threshold voltages for judgment, it is less affected by the process and temperature, and can...
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