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Reducing circuit current in hot-swap control circuits

2013-09-19
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Abstract: When a short circuit occurs at the output of a hot-swap control circuit, an internal circuit breaker function is triggered and the circuit is disconnected. However, the initial short-circuit current may reach hundreds of amperes before the internal circuit breaker reacts. The typical hot-swap controller circuit breaker delay is 200 to 400ns, and combined with the limited gate pull-down current, the gate turn-off time may take 10 to 50μs. During this period, a large short-circuit current will flow. This application note presents a simple external circuit that minimizes the initial current spike and isolates the short-circuit fault within 200 to 500ns. Typical Hot-Swap Circuit Let\'s consider a typical +12V, 6A hot-swap control circuit built with the MAX4272 (Figure 1). According to the MAX4272 specifications, it contains slow and fast comparators with trip thresholds of 50mV and 200mV, respectively (43.5 to 56mV and 180 to 220mV, respectively, over the entire temperature range). The trigger current is usually 1.5 to 2.0 times the operating current, and RSENSE = 5mΩ is selected. RSENSE allows a 5% tolerance, and the trigger current range of the slow comparator under overload conditions is 8.28 to 11.76A; when a short circuit occurs, the trigger current range of the fast comparator is 34 to 46.2A.

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