As a new generation of integrated circuits, the emergence of FPGA has caused a huge change in digital circuit design. With the continuous updating and improvement of FPGA technology, more and more users and design companies have begun to use FPGA for system development. Therefore, the market demand for PFAG is also increasing, which makes the process development of FPGA integrated circuit boards more and more advanced. Under such a virtuous cycle, FPGA can dominate the field of integrated circuit design in the near future. It is precisely because FPGA has such a huge development prospect and market appeal that this article uses FPGA as the first choice for circuit design. @@ With the increasingly simplified and software-oriented development technology of FPGA, from the hardware-oriented VHDL and VerilogHDL design languages to the current object-oriented System Verilog and SystemC design languages, hardware design languages have begun to develop towards high-level languages. As a software designer, it is easy to accept object-oriented languages. In the current software design, the bottleneck of algorithm processing is the speed problem. If a dedicated hardware circuit is used, this problem can be solved. This article introduces the development advantages of combining software and hardware in detail in the second section of the first chapter. In addition, the development and prospects of the intellectual property core (IP Core) are also introduced in the first chapter, especially the design and development of the soft core in the IP Core. Many FGPA development companies have begun to compete for the soft core development market. @@ The most common problem in digital circuit design is communication, and each communication method has its own protocol specifications. In the design of the CPU, due to the need for high-speed processing, the internal communication is carried out using a parallel bus. However, due to the problem of integrated circuit resources, it is impossible for all external devices to communicate using a parallel bus, so its external communication requires serial transmission. And because the external devices that need to be connected are different, different serial communication interfaces need to be used. This article mainly introduces the three commonly used communication protocols in small CPUs, namely SPI, I2C, and UART. In addition to discussing their respective communication principles, this article also specifically introduces the internal structure of a small CPU and the location of these three communication protocols in the CPU. @@ In the design and development of hardware, due to the particularity of the integrated circuit itself, its development process is relatively complex. Due to the length of this article, only a brief introduction to the overall development process is given, and the most complex but important static timing analysis is discussed in detail. In the development of communication protocols, attention should be paid to interface design, timing analysis, and verification environment construction. Therefore, this article takes the design of SPI data communication protocol as a development example, and discusses the FPGA development process and key technologies in detail in the form of examples, from the study of protocol functions to the final verification test. In the development of SPI communication protocol, not only the protocol is analyzed in detail, but also the design of each module in the architecture is discussed in detail. @@Keywords: FPGA; SPI; I2C; UART; static timing analysis; verification environment
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