Laser spectrum detection is an important technology used in the fields of laser reconnaissance, laser warning, and pollutant detection. By identifying the spectral characteristics of the incoming laser, a basis can be provided for optoelectronic countermeasures. Based on the analysis and research of existing laser spectrum detection technology, this paper proposes a technology that uses non-scanning MZ interferometry to obtain the coherence graph of the laser signal and performs fast Fourier transform on the graph to obtain the laser spectrum in real time. In the study, the laser interference fringes formed by the MZ interferometer are converted by a CCD camera and output electrical signals in a time series. The fast Fourier transform of the time series is implemented using FPGA. Based on the requirements of the response time and signal-to-noise ratio of the alarm system, the paper determines the structural type and related parameters of the detector array; designs the interface circuit between the CCD camera and the FPGA; and writes the data transmission and storage module. In the implementation of fast Fourier transform, the method of radix 2 time extraction was first determined as the implementation algorithm; the FPGA chip model XC3S400 was used, relying on the ISE8.1 software development platform, and the fast Fourier transform program with an accuracy of 10 bits and a sequence length of 512 points was written in hardware language, and all programs were successfully downloaded to the configuration chip of FPGA. In addition, the paper also designed display, voltage conversion, and FPGA configuration circuits. Finally, the designed fast Fourier transform module was tested, and the FPGA calculation results were compared with the theoretical calculation results. The results show that the FPGA calculation results have the required accuracy and the running speed can meet the real-time detection requirements of the laser spectrum.
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