Using MCP timer to generate BLDC control waveform: Overview of brushless DC motors The brushless DC motor uses an electronic commutator to replace the mechanical commutation device of the traditional DC motor, thus overcoming a series of drawbacks caused by brushes and commutators, such as noise, sparks, electromagnetic interference, and short life. Since the brushless DC motor has a series of advantages of AC motors such as simple structure, reliable operation, and convenient maintenance, and has many advantages of DC motors such as high operating efficiency, no excitation loss, and good speed regulation performance, its application in the industrial field is becoming more and more extensive. 1.2 Basic working principle The control principle diagram of the brushless DC motor is shown in Figure 1-1. Figure 1-1 The control principle diagram of the brushless DC motor The main circuit is a typical voltage-type AC-DC-AC circuit, and the inverter provides a symmetrical alternating rectangular wave of equal amplitude and frequency 5-24KHz modulation wave. The permanent magnets NS are alternately exchanged, so that the position sensor generates H1, H2, and H3 square waves with a phase difference of 120°, thereby generating a valid six-state coded signal: 010, 011, 001, 101, 100, and 110. Through the logic component processing, V6-V1 conduction, V5-V6 conduction, V4-V5 conduction, V3-V4 conduction, V2-V3 conduction, and V1-V2 conduction are generated. That is to say, the DC bus voltage is added to U->V, W->V, W->U, V->U, V->W, and U->W in sequence. In this way, every time the rotor rotates through a pair of NS poles, the power tubes of V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, and V6 are turned on in sequence according to the fixed combination of six states. In each state, only two-phase windings are energized, and the state is changed one by one. The axis of the magnetic field generated by the stator winding rotates 60° electrical angle in space, and the rotor follows the stator magnetic field to rotate at a spatial position equivalent to 60° electrical angle. The rotor is in the new position, causing the position sensors U, V, and W to generate a new set of codes as agreed. The new codes change the conduction combination of the power tube, causing the axis of the magnetic field generated by the stator winding to advance another 60° electrical angle. This cycle continues, and the brushless DC motor will generate continuous torque and drag the load for continuous rotation.
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