Some basic concepts of embedded systems What is an embedded system? An embedded system refers to an operating system and functional software integrated into a computer hardware system. Simply put, it is the integration of the system\'s application software and the system\'s hardware, similar to the way BIOS works. It has the characteristics of small software code, high degree of automation, and fast response speed. It is particularly suitable for systems that require real-time and multi-tasking. Embedded real-time multitasking operating system Real-time multitasking operating system (Real Time Operating System) is based on the working characteristics of the operating system. Real-time refers to the real time of the physical process. A real-time operating system refers to an operating system that has real-time performance and can support the operation of a real-time control system. The primary task is to schedule all available resources to complete real-time control tasks, and then focus on improving the efficiency of the computer system. The important feature is to meet the time constraints and requirements. There are obvious differences between real-time multitasking operating systems and time-sharing multitasking operating systems. Specifically, for time-sharing operating systems, the time requirements for software execution are not strict, and time errors generally do not cause catastrophic consequences. For real-time operating systems, the main task is to process events in real time. Although events may arrive at unpredictable times, the software must be able to respond within a strict time limit (system response time) when the event occurs. The timeout of the system time response means a fatal failure. In addition, the important feature of a real-time operating system is the system\'s determinism, that is, the system can make accurate estimates of the best and worst operating conditions. Important concepts in real-time operating systems System response time (System response time) The time from when the system issues a processing request to when the system gives a response signal. Task switching time (Context-switching time) is the time used for switching between tasks. Interrupt latency (Interrupt latency) is the time from when the computer receives an interrupt signal to when the operating system responds and completes the context switching and enters the interrupt service program. A real-time operating system should have the following functions: 1) Task management (multitasking and priority-based task scheduling) 2) Inter-task synchronization and communication (semaphores and mailboxes, etc.) 3) Storage...
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