cgqyl Sensor Principle and Application Experimental Instruction Book Edited by Li Jiangquan Electrical Engineering Teaching and Research Section, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University October 2004 Experiment 1 Metal Foil Strain Gauge Single-arm Half-bridge 1. Experimental Purpose Understand the working principle and working conditions of the metal foil strain gauge single-arm bridge. 2. Experimental Principle 1. Strain Effect of Resistance Wire The principle of strain measurement by metal foil strain gauge is based on the strain effect of resistance wire, that is: The phenomenon that the resistance value of resistance wire changes with its deformation is called the strain effect of resistance wire. When the metal filament is stretched due to tension, its length increases and the cross-sectional area decreases, and the resistance value of resistance wire increases; conversely, if the resistance wire is shortened due to pressure, the resistance value decreases. From R = ρL, it can be deduced that: AΔR = K 0ε The mathematical relationship between strain and resistance change is: R In the formula: K 0 - strain sensitivity of resistance wire This formula shows that the relative change rate of resistance is proportional to strain, and there is a linear relationship between them. According to the strain effect of the resistance wire, the strain gauge can be pasted on the surface of the test piece (elastic element) when in use. When the test piece is deformed due to force, the resistance wire and the elastic element are deformed at the same time, causing the resistance value of the strain gauge to change. By measuring the change in the resistance value of the strain gauge, the deformation of the test piece can be known. 2. DC performance experiment of metal strain gauge: single arm, half bridge, full bridge. The working principle of metal strain gauge is based on the change of its resistance value when the strain gauge undergoes mechanical deformation. When the strain gauge is used for testing, the strain gauge is firmly pasted on the surface of the test piece. When the test piece is deformed by force, the sensitive grid of the strain gauge is deformed and the resistance value also changes accordingly. Through the measuring circuit, it is converted into a voltage or current signal output. The bridge circuit is the most commonly used method for non-electrical measurement. According to the different bridge supply voltages of the bridge, the bridge can be divided into a DC bridge and an AC bridge. When the DC bridge is balanced, that is, R1.R3=R2.R4, the bridge output is zero. In the bridge arms R1, R2, R3, R4, the relative changes in resistance are △R1/R1, △R2/R2, △R3/R3, △R4/R4 respectively. The output of the bridge circuit is proportional to εR=△R1/R1-△R2/R2+△R3/R3-△R4/R4. When one strain gauge is used, εR=△R/R; when two strain gauges are used, εR=△R1/R1...
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